The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a unique global experience, arousing both exclusionary nationalistic and inclusionary responses of solidarity. This article aims to explore the discursive and linguistic means by which the COVID-19 pandemic, as a macro-event, has been translated into local micro-events. The analysis studies the global pandemic through the initial statements of 29 leading political actors across four continents. The aim is to examine discursive constructions of solidarity and nationalism through the social representation of inclusion/exclusion of in-, out-, and affiliated groups. The comparative analysis is based on the theoretical and methodological framework of the socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis and is informed by argumentation theory and nationalism studies. The results of our analysis suggest that leaders have constructed the virus as the main outgroup through the metaphors of the pandemic-as-war and the pandemic-as-movement which have entered the national space. Faced with this threat, these speeches have discursively constructed the nation-as-a-team as the main in-group and prioritized (1) a vertical type of solidarity based on nationhood and according to governmental plans; (2) exclusionary solidarity against rule-breakers; (3) horizontal solidarity that is both intergenerational and among family members, and (4) transnational solidarity. It is not by chance that the world stands as a relevant affiliated group that needs to forcibly collaborate in order to face the main outgroup, the virus itself. A major consensus has been found in constructing the out-group. In contrast, the linguistic and discursive constructions of in-groups and their affiliates display a greater variation, depending upon the prevalent discursive practices and social context within different countries.

COVID-19大流行引发了独特的全球经验，引起了民族团结的排斥反应和包容性反应。本文旨在探讨将宏大事件COVID-19大流行转化为本地微观事件的话语和语言手段。该分析通过横跨四大洲的29个主要政治角色的初步声明来研究全球流行病。目的是通过对内，外和附属团体的包容/排斥的社会代表，考察团结和民族主义的话语结构。比较分析基于批判话语分析的社会认知方法的理论和方法框架，并以论证理论和民族主义研究为基础。我们的分析结果表明，领导人已经通过进入国家空间的像战争大流行和运动大流行这样的隐喻将病毒构造为主要外群。面对这种威胁，这些演讲以话语方式将国家团队作为主要的团体，并优先考虑（1）基于国籍和政府计划的纵向团结。（2）对违反规则者的排他性团结；（3）代际之间和家庭成员之间的横向团结，以及（4）跨国团结。世界作为一个相关的附属团体站在世界上，这不是偶然的，它需要进行强制合作才能面对主要的外部群体，即病毒本身。在构建外部小组方面已经找到了主要共识。相比之下，