The allergic airway diseases chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis (ABPM/A), and cystic fibrosis (CF) share a common immunological signature marked by T_H2 and T_H17 cell predominant immune responses, the production of IgE antibody, and a typical inflammatory cell infiltrate that includes eosinophils and other innate immune effector cells. Severe forms of these disorders have long been recognized as being related to hypersensitivity reactions to environmental fungi. Increasingly however,environmental fungi are assuming a more primary role in the etiology of these disorders, with airway mycosis, a type of non-invasive airway fungal infection, recognized as an essential driving factor in at least severe subsets of allergic airway diseases. In this review, we consider recent progress made in understanding the immune mechanisms that drive airway mycosis-related diseases, improvements in immune-based diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches that target key immune pathways.

过敏性气道疾病慢性鼻窦炎 (CRS)、过敏性真菌性鼻窦炎 (AFRS)、哮喘、过敏性支气管肺真菌病/曲霉病 (ABPM/A) 和囊性纤维化 (CF) 具有共同的免疫学特征，以 T _H 2 和 T _H为标志17 细胞主要免疫反应、IgE 抗体的产生和典型的炎性细胞浸润，包括嗜酸性粒细胞和其他先天免疫效应细胞。这些疾病的严重形式长期以来被认为与对环境真菌的超敏反应有关。然而，环境真菌越来越多地在这些疾病的病因学中发挥更主要的作用，气道真菌病是一种非侵入性气道真菌感染，被认为是至少严重的过敏性气道疾病亚群的重要驱动因素。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了最近在了解导致气道真菌病相关疾病的免疫机制、基于免疫的诊断策略的改进以及针对关键免疫途径的治疗方法方面取得的进展。