The current investigation examined the nature of the cognitive processes that underlie decision-making behavior. The focus of this project centered on the effects of utilizing heuristics that pertain to the availability of information stored in memory. Anchoring effects demonstrate that people will use any available information sampled from memory as a reference for making judgments of frequency. The specific aim of the experiment was to examine whether people exhibit patterns of behavior consistent with anchoring effects, revealed by corrupted subjective judgments, despite explicit notice of instruction to disregard the experimenter-supplied information (the anchor). Subjects failed to demonstrate an ability to disregard a relatively high anchor even when the instruction to do so was explicit. However, in contrast, subjects demonstrated an ability to disregard a relatively low anchor. More broadly, subjects instructed to disregard demonstrated a reduced effect of anchoring. Implications are considered within the context of the availability heuristic and the directly related effects of anchoring. The results may be interpreted within the framework of a dual-process model, two-system view that distinguishes intuition from reasoning. The present findings fit with well-supported theoretical explanations of anchoring effects, such as selective accessibility and numerical priming.

目前的调查研究了作为决策行为基础的认知过程的性质。该项目的重点集中在利用与存储在内存中的信息的可用性有关的启发式方法的效果上。锚定效应表明人们会使用从记忆中抽取的任何可用信息作为判断频率的参考。该实验的具体目的是检查人们是否表现出与锚定效应一致的行为模式，这些行为模式是否由破坏的主观判断所揭示，尽管明确通知了忽略实验者提供的信息（锚点）的指令。受试者未能表现出忽视相对较高的锚的能力，即使这样做的指示是明确的。然而，相比之下，受试者表现出无视相对较低的锚的能力。更广泛地说，被指示无视的受试者表现出锚定效果的降低。在可用性启发式和锚定的直接相关影响的背景下考虑含义。结果可以在双过程模型的框架内进行解释，双系统视图将直觉与推理区分开来。目前的研究结果与锚定效应的得到充分支持的理论解释相吻合，例如选择性可及性和数值启动。结果可以在双过程模型的框架内进行解释，双系统视图将直觉与推理区分开来。目前的研究结果与锚定效应的得到充分支持的理论解释相吻合，例如选择性可及性和数值启动。结果可以在双过程模型的框架内进行解释，双系统视图将直觉与推理区分开来。目前的研究结果与锚定效应的得到充分支持的理论解释相吻合，例如选择性可及性和数值启动。