Domestic Hot Water (DHW) production accounts on average between 14 14% and 30% of the residential energy consumption worldwide. In UK dewllings, a quarter of the energy is consumed to produce hot water and this proportion is likely to increase as the energy required for space heating reduces over time in order to achieve demand reduction targets. As the margins for improving the performance of heating system technologies increase, the need for improving modelling accuracy and precision increases also. Although studies have considered DHW use in buildings, there is a lack of reflection on the energy loss and performance of systems in contemporary dwellings. Current simulation tools with simplified assumptions, limited variables and algorithm detail, might lead to unreliable results in terms of the estimated heat losses. In this research, an analytical dynamic model has been developed to estimate heat loss from a domestic hot water system based on high resolution monitored data for a set of dwellings in the UK. The model estimated heat losses during flowing and non-flowing (cooling down) conditions in the distribution system as well as heat losses from the storage tank. It was found that apart from the significant heat loss from the storage tank, short draw-offs are particularly influential in determining the amount of heat wasted. Considerable savings might be achieved ‘avoiding’ short draw-offs through a better control of the system and/or changes in the user behaviour. Insulating and reducing the effective length of the distribution pipe network through better design of the system similarly predict significant reductions in heat losses.

生活热水 (DHW) 生产平均占全球住宅能源消耗的 14-14% 至 30%。在英国，四分之一的能源用于生产热水，随着时间的推移，空间供暖所需的能源减少，以实现减少需求的目标，这一比例可能会增加。随着提高供暖系统技术性能的裕度增加，对提高建模精度和精度的需求也在增加。尽管研究已经考虑了 DHW 在建筑物中的使用，但缺乏对当代住宅系统的能量损失和性能的反思。当前具有简化假设、有限变量和算法细节的模拟工具可能会导致估计热损失的结果不可靠。在这项研究中，已经开发了一个分析动态模型，以根据英国一组住宅的高分辨率监测数据来估计生活热水系统的热损失。该模型估计了分配系统中流动和非流动（冷却）条件下的热损失以及储罐的热损失。结果表明，除了储罐的大量热量损失外，短时间的排出对确定浪费的热量特别有影响。通过更好地控制系统和/或改变用户行为，可以“避免”短时间消耗，从而实现可观的节省。通过更好的系统设计来隔离和减少分配管网的有效长度，同样可以预测热损失的显着减少。