This paper proposes an integrated methodological framework to design a spatially heterogeneous bus route network and time-dependent service headways to serve travel demand that varies over time and space. Travelers choose to use either the transit mode or the driving mode (as well as travel paths in the corresponding modal network) that minimizes their equilibrium travel cost. In addition, transit routes involve dedicated bus lanes that occupy part of the city streets and affect the capacity reserved for private cars. Hence, roadway congestion depends on the transit route design, and its dynamic evolution is described by regional macroscopic fundamental diagrams. The proposed modeling framework consists of two parts: a bus network optimization module based on continuum approximation that produces optimal headways and local route spacing, and a dynamic aggregated network model that determines route choice, mode split, and user equilibrium conditions. An iterative solution algorithm is developed to solve the integrated model. Numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed modeling framework, and to conduct a careful analysis on the influence of the demand pattern on the transit network design, roadway congestion, and the overall system performance.

本文提出了一个综合的方法框架，以设计空间异构的公交路线网络和随时间变化的服务车距，以服务随时间和空间变化的出行需求。旅行者选择使用过境模式或驾驶模式（以及相应的模态网络中的行驶路径）以最大程度地减少其平衡出行成本。此外，公交路线涉及专用公交专用道，这些公交专用道占据了城市街道的一部分，并影响了私家车的预留容量。因此，巷道拥挤取决于公交路线的设计，其动态演变由区域宏观基础图来描述。拟议的建模框架包括两部分：基于连续近似的公交网络优化模块，可产生最佳车距和局部路线间隔，动态聚合网络模型可确定路线选择，模式划分和用户平衡条件。开发了迭代求解算法来求解集成模型。数值实验用于证明所提出的建模框架的适用性，并对需求模式对公交网络设计，道路拥堵和整个系统性能的影响进行仔细分析。