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Disentangling the correlated evolution of body size, life history, and ontogeny in miniaturized chelydroid turtles
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12386
Gerardo A Cordero 1
Affiliation  

Organismal miniaturization is defined by a reduction in body size relative to a large ancestor. In vertebrate animals, miniaturization is achieved by suppressing the energetics of growth. However, this might interfere with reproductive strategies in egg-laying species with limited energy budgets for embryo growth and differentiation. In general, the extent to which miniaturization coincides with alterations in animal development remains obscure. To address the interplay among body size, life history, and ontogeny, miniaturization in chelydroid turtles was examined. The analyses corroborated that miniaturization in the Chelydroidea clade is underlain by a dampening of the ancestral growth trajectory. There were no associated shifts in the early sequence of developmental transformations, though the relative duration of organogenesis was shortened in miniaturized embryos. The size of eggs, hatchlings, and adults was positively correlated within Chelydroidea. A phylogenetically broader exploration revealed an alternative miniaturization mode wherein exceptionally large hatchlings grow minimally and thus attain diminutive adult sizes. Lastly, it is shown that miniaturized Chelydroidea turtles undergo accelerated ossification coupled with a ~10% reduction in shell bones. As in other vertebrates, the effects of miniaturization were not systemic, possibly owing to opposing functional demands and tissue geometric constraints. This underscores the integrated and hierarchical nature of developmental systems.

中文翻译:

解开小型龟龟的体型、生活史和个体发育的相关进化

有机体小型化的定义是相对于大型祖先而言,体型缩小。在脊椎动物中,小型化是通过抑制生长的能量来实现的。然而,这可能会干扰产卵物种的生殖策略,而胚胎生长和分化的能量预算有限。一般而言,小型化与动物发育变化相吻合的程度仍然不清楚。为了解决体型、生活史和个体发育之间的相互作用,检查了龟甲龟的小型化。分析证实了 Chelydroidea 进化枝的小型化是由于祖先生长轨迹的抑制。在早期的发展转变序列中没有相关的转变,尽管在小型化胚胎中器官发生的相对持续时间缩短了。Chelydroidea 中卵、孵化和成虫的大小呈正相关。系统发育更广泛的探索揭示了另一种小型化模式,其中异常大的幼体最小地生长,从而达到较小的成年体型。最后,研究表明,小型化的 Chelydroidea 海龟经历了加速骨化,同时壳骨减少了约 10%。与其他脊椎动物一样,小型化的影响不是系统性的,可能是由于相反的功能需求和组织几何限制。这强调了发展系统的综合性和层次性。系统发育更广泛的探索揭示了另一种小型化模式,其中异常大的幼体最小地生长,从而达到较小的成年体型。最后,研究表明,小型化的 Chelydroidea 海龟经历了加速骨化,同时壳骨减少了约 10%。与其他脊椎动物一样,小型化的影响不是系统性的,可能是由于相反的功能需求和组织几何限制。这强调了发展系统的综合性和层次性。系统发育更广泛的探索揭示了另一种小型化模式,其中异常大的幼体最小地生长,从而达到较小的成年体型。最后,研究表明,小型化的 Chelydroidea 海龟经历了加速骨化,同时壳骨减少了约 10%。与其他脊椎动物一样,小型化的影响不是系统性的,可能是由于相反的功能需求和组织几何限制。这强调了发展系统的综合性和层次性。与其他脊椎动物一样,小型化的影响不是系统性的,可能是由于相反的功能需求和组织几何限制。这强调了发展系统的综合性和层次性。与其他脊椎动物一样,小型化的影响不是系统性的,可能是由于相反的功能需求和组织几何限制。这强调了发展系统的综合性和层次性。
更新日期:2021-05-26
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