The international economic regime has entered a new phase of reassertion of sovereignty by States. While States continue to show respect for the values of international (economic) law, the institutionalization of these values has devolved from the international (to the regional) to the domestic level of governance. A new form of ‘unilateral economic law’ is thus gaining importance in the development of international and domestic laws and institutions. However, it remains largely understudied. This article discusses the development and proliferation as well as the importance of special economic zones as a new form of unilateral economic law in the overall system of international economic law. This article identifies four types of economic unilateralism: classical unilateralism, embedded unilateralism, sustainability unilateralism, and national security unilateralism. The new special economic zone unilateralism represents a middle ground between the two extremes of unilateral liberalization and aggressive unilateralism. Accordingly, special economic zone unilateralism introduces a new layer in the overall system of international economic law. First, special economic zones embody a new compromise between the State and the market. The State-controlled promotion of trade and investment taking place through special economic zones represents a complex compromise between the liberalization and protection of economic sovereignty. Second, the spatiality of trade and investment promotion through special economic zones is different from that of international economic law. The liberalization of trade and investment does not take place for the whole country but for an isolated jurisdiction within the broader national jurisdiction, while the focus is on the supply side rather than the traditional input factors of production. Overall, the new special economic zone unilateralism provides insights into the future of international economic law as envisaged by States. Special economic zones have been employed by States both as an alternative and as a complement to trade and investment promotion through the instruments of international economic law.

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国际经济法中的经济特区：走向单边经济法

国际经济体制已进入各国重申主权的新阶段。尽管各国继续表现出对国际（经济）法价值观的尊重，但这些价值观的制度化已经从国际（到区域）治理层面转移到国内层面。因此，一种新形式的“单边经济法”在国际和国内法律和制度的发展中变得越来越重要。然而，它在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。本文讨论了经济特区作为一种新形式的单边经济法在整个国际经济法体系中的发展和扩散及其重要性。本文确定了四种类型的经济单边主义：经典单边主义、嵌入式单边主义、可持续性单边主义、和国家安全单边主义。新的经济特区单边主义代表了单边自由化和侵略性单边主义两个极端之间的中间地带。因此，经济特区单边主义在整个国际经济法体系中引入了新的层次。首先，经济特区体现了国家与市场的新妥协。国家控制的通过经济特区促进贸易和投资是自由化和经济主权保护之间的复杂折衷。第二，经济特区促进贸易投资的空间性不同于国际经济法。贸易和投资自由化不是针对整个国家，而是针对更广泛的国家管辖范围内的一个孤立管辖区，而重点是供给侧，而不是传统的生产投入要素。总体而言，新的经济特区单边主义为各国设想的国际经济法的未来提供了见解。各国利用经济特区作为通过国际经济法文书促进贸易和投资的替代和补充。新的经济特区单边主义为各国设想的国际经济法的未来提供了见解。各国利用经济特区作为通过国际经济法文书促进贸易和投资的替代和补充。新的经济特区单边主义为各国设想的国际经济法的未来提供了见解。各国利用经济特区作为通过国际经济法文书促进贸易和投资的替代和补充。