In the course of evolution nature has arrived at startling materials solutions to ensure survival. Investigations into biological surfaces, ranging from plants, insects and geckos to aquatic animals, have inspired the design of intricate surface patterns to create useful functionalities. This paper reviews the fundamental interaction mechanisms of such micropatterns with liquids, solids, and soft matter such as skin for control of wetting, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, adhesion, skin adherence, and sensing. Compared to conventional chemical strategies, the paradigm of micropatterning enables solutions with superior resource efficiency and sustainability. Associated applications range from water management and robotics to future health monitoring devices. We finally provide an overview of the relevant patterning methods as an appendix.

在进化过程中，大自然已经找到了令人吃惊的材料解决方案来确保生存。对生物表面的研究，从植物、昆虫和壁虎到水生动物，激发了复杂表面图案的设计，以创造有用的功能。本文回顾了这种微图案与液体、固体和软物质（如皮肤）的基本相互作用机制，用于控制润湿、自洁、防污、粘附、皮肤粘附和传感。与传统的化学策略相比，微图案化范例能够实现具有卓越资源效率和可持续性的解决方案。相关应用范围从水管理和机器人技术到未来的健康监测设备。我们最后提供了相关模式化方法的概述作为附录。