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World Heritage sites on Wikipedia: Cultural heritage activism in a context of constrained agency
Big Data & Society ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1177/20539517211017304
Ben Marwick 1 , Prema Smith 1
Affiliation  

UNESCO World Heritage sites are places of outstanding significance and often key sources of information that influence how people interact with the past today. The process of inscription on the UNESCO list is complicated and intersects with political and commercial controversies. But how well are these controversies known to the public? Wikipedia pages on these sites offer a unique dataset for insights into public understanding of heritage controversies. The unique technicity of Wikipedia, with its bot ecosystem and editing mechanics, shapes how knowledge about cultural heritage is constructed and how controversies are negotiated and communicated. In this article, we investigate the patterns of production, consumption, and spatial and temporal distributions of Wikipedia pages for World Heritage cultural sites. We find that Wikipedia provides a distinctive context for investigating how people experience and relate to the past in the present. The agency of participants is highly constrained, but distinctive, behind-the-scenes expressions of cultural heritage activism are evident. Concerns about state-like actors, violence and destruction, deal-making, etc. in the World Heritage inscription process are present, but rare on Wikipedia’s World Heritage pages. Instead, hyper-local and process issues dominate controversies on Wikipedia. We describe how this kind of research, drawing on Big Data and data science methods, contributes to digital heritage studies and also reveals its limitations.



中文翻译:

维基百科上的世界遗产站点:代理机构受限的情况下的文化遗产行动主义

联合国教科文组织世界遗产遗址具有重要意义,并且经常是影响人们如何与过去互动的重要信息来源。列入教科文组织名单的过程很复杂,并且与政治和商业争议相交。但是公众对这些争议的了解程度如何?这些站点上的Wikipedia页面提供了一个独特的数据集,可用于深入了解公众对遗产争议的理解。Wikipedia的独特技术,以及其机器人生态系统和编辑机制,决定了如何构建有关文化遗产的知识以及如何就争议进行沟通和交流。在本文中,我们研究了世界遗产文化遗址的维基百科页面的生产,消费以及时空分布的模式。我们发现Wikipedia为调查人们如何体验和与现在的过去联系提供了独特的环境。参与者的机构受到高度限制,但是文化遗产激进主义的幕后表达却很明显。人们对世界遗产的登记过程中的国家行为者,暴力与破坏,达成交易等存在担忧,但在维基百科的世界遗产页面上很少见。取而代之的是,超本地性和过程性问题主导了Wikipedia上的争议。我们将利用大数据和数据科学方法描述这种研究如何促进数字遗产研究并揭示其局限性。文化遗产激进主义的幕后表现很明显。人们对世界遗产的登记过程中的国家行为者,暴力与破坏,达成交易等存在担忧,但在维基百科的世界遗产页面上很少见。取而代之的是,超本地性和过程性问题主导了Wikipedia上的争议。我们将利用大数据和数据科学方法描述这种研究如何促进数字遗产研究并揭示其局限性。文化遗产激进主义的幕后表现很明显。人们对世界遗产的登记过程中的国家行为者,暴力与破坏,达成交易等存在担忧,但在维基百科的世界遗产页面上很少见。取而代之的是,超本地性和过程性问题主导了Wikipedia上的争议。我们将利用大数据和数据科学方法描述这种研究如何促进数字遗产研究并揭示其局限性。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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