ABSTRACT

Title IX prohibits sex-based harassment (SBH) in all federally funded educational activities, yet little is known about SBH in K-12 schools. We used the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) data (N = 96,440) to examine rates and school-, district-, and state-level predictors of SBH in K-12 schools. Results found the vast majority of schools had zero allegations of SBH. Girls were more likely to be reporters of, while boys were more likely to be disciplined for, SBH; Black students were disproportionately impacted by SBH. A series of negative binomial regression models showed that schools with higher student enrollment and rates of White students, greater numbers of supportive school personnel, Title IX policies, and state sex education laws were associated with increased allegations, reporting students, and disciplined students. State mandatory reporting for child abuse was associated with fewer reports; Title IX coordinators and security personnel were associated with more disciplined students. Our findings offer baseline information on SBH in K-12 schools and recommendations for future data collection, research, and policy priorities.

摘要

第九条禁止在所有联邦资助的教育活动中进行基于性别的骚扰 (SBH)，但对 K-12 学校的 SBH 知之甚少。我们使用民权数据收集 (CRDC) 数据 (N = 96,440) 来检查 K-12 学校 SBH 的比率和学校、地区和州级预测因素。结果发现，绝大多数学校对 SBH 的指控为零。女孩更有可能成为 SBH 的记者，而男孩更有可能受到纪律处分；黑人学生受到 SBH 的影响尤为严重。一系列负二项式回归模型表明，学生入学率和白人学生比例更高、支持学校人员数量更多、Title IX 政策和州性教育法的学校与指控、报告学生和纪律处分学生的增加有关。国家对虐待儿童的强制性报告与较少的报告有关；第九条协调员和安保人员与纪律严明的学生有关。我们的研究结果提供了有关 K-12 学校 SBH 的基线信息，以及对未来数据收集、研究和政策优先事项的建议。