Omega-3 and probiotics were shown to improve periodontal health by modulating the host immune response. Recently, the combination of omega-3 and probiotics has been shown to have a potential synergistic effect on host modulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic role of an omega-3 and probiotic combination on alveolar bone loss (ABL) via inflammatory response in an experimental periodontitis model. Forty-three rats were divided into 5 groups as control (C, n = 8), periodontitis (P, n = 8), omega-3 + periodontitis (O, n = 8), probiotic + periodontitis (Pro, n = 10), and omega-3 + probiotic + periodontitis (OPro, n = 9). Additionally to a standardized diet, omega-3 and/or probiotics were supplemented with oral gavage to the O, Pro, and OPro groups for 44 days. Periodontitis was induced by ligature to the P, O, Pro, and OPro groups on the 30th day for 2 weeks. ABL levels were measured histopathologically, and serum interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL10 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ABL increased in all periodontitis groups (P, O, Pro, and OPro), compared to C group. Compared to P group, all oral gavage groups (O, Pro, and OPro) revealed decreased ABL, which was lowest in OPro group. IL1β and IL6 decreased and IL10 increased in OPro group, compared to P group. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of omega-3 and probiotic combination reduced ABL and improved serum IL1β, IL6, and IL10 levels more than their single use.

Omega-3 和益生菌被证明可以通过调节宿主免疫反应来改善牙周健康。最近，omega-3 和益生菌的组合已被证明对宿主调节具有潜在的协同作用。本研究的目的是在实验性牙周炎模型中通过炎症反应评估 omega-3 和益生菌组合对牙槽骨丢失 (ABL) 的预防作用。43只大鼠分为5组作为对照（C，n  = 8），牙周炎（P，n  = 8），omega-3 +牙周炎（O，n  = 8），益生菌+牙周炎（Pro，n  = 10 ) 和 omega-3 + 益生菌 + 牙周炎 (OPro, n = 9)。除了标准化饮食外，O、Pro 和 OPro 组还通过口服管饲法补充 omega-3 和/或益生菌 44 天。在第 30 天通过结扎 P、O、Pro 和 OPro 组诱导牙周炎，持续 2 周。组织病理学检测 ABL 水平，酶联免疫吸附试验分析血清白细胞介素 (IL) 1β、IL6 和 IL10 水平。与 C 组相比，所有牙周炎组（P、O、Pro 和 OPro）的 ABL 均增加。与 P 组相比，所有灌胃组（O、Pro 和 OPro）均显示 ABL 降低，在 OPro 组中最低。与 P 组相比，OPro 组的 IL1β 和 IL6 减少，IL10 增加。总之，预防性施用 omega-3 和益生菌组合比单独使用更能降低 ABL 并改善血清 IL1β、IL6 和 IL10 水平。