In textured metals, the elastic directionality reflects the crystallographic organization, while the plastic flow follows the preferential pathways of deformation beyond the elastic limit. In here, the elastic and plastic anisotropies are characterized by two observers. One of them is immersed into the material and, while there, is unaware of the texture-induced reorganizations, still, is in a position to detect elastic distortions. Another observer is located outside the material, monitors the elastic strain too and realizes that texture makes the elastic responses directional. The externally measured elastic strain will be called the texture strain. The key idea is to determine the transformation rules that correlate the elastic strains seen by the two observers. In what follows, the rules are derived by projecting the texture-distorted basis onto the basis of the external observations. It turns out that the rules reproduce directionality of elastic properties and include constraints that result from the limits imposed by the yield stress. The elastic anisotropy is linked to the strain that is free of the plasticity-induced constraints. By contrast, the constraints enable complete characterization of the plastic flow directionality. The concept is derived in the framework of tensor representations discussed in the electronic supplementary material.

在带纹理的金属中，弹性方向性反映了晶体组织，而塑性流动遵循了超出弹性极限的变形优先路径。在此，弹性和塑性各向异性由两个观察者表征。其中之一被浸入材料中，而在那里，虽然没有意识到由纹理引起的重组，但仍然可以检测弹性变形。另一个观察者位于材料外部，也监视弹性应变，并意识到纹理使弹性响应具有方向性。外部测得的弹性应变将称为纹理应变。关键思想是确定与两个观察者看到的弹性应变相关的转换规则。在下面，通过将纹理变形的基础投影到外部观察的基础上，得出规则。事实证明，这些规则再现了弹性特性的方向性，并包括了由屈服应力施加的限制所导致的约束。弹性各向异性与没有塑性引起的约束的应变有关。相比之下，这些约束条件可以完全表征塑性流动方向性。该概念是在电子补充材料中讨论的张量表示的框架中得出的。弹性各向异性与没有塑性引起的约束的应变有关。相比之下，这些约束条件可以完全表征塑性流动方向性。该概念是在电子补充材料中讨论的张量表示的框架中得出的。弹性各向异性与没有塑性引起的约束的应变有关。相比之下，这些约束条件可以完全表征塑性流动方向性。该概念是在电子补充材料中讨论的张量表示的框架中得出的。