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Leaf traits and phylogeny explain plant survival and community dynamics in response to extreme drought in a restored coastal grassland
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13909 Justin C. Luong 1 , Karen D. Holl 1 , Michael E. Loik 1
中文翻译：
叶片性状和系统发育解释了在恢复的沿海草原中响应极端干旱的植物生存和群落动态
更新日期：2021-08-04
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13909 Justin C. Luong 1 , Karen D. Holl 1 , Michael E. Loik 1
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- Climate change will increase uncertainty in restoration outcomes due to greater water stress and other abiotic filters that limit plant survival. Drought-related plant functional traits can help species withstand filters in a semi-arid environment. Our objective was to provide guidance for selecting species to improve restoration success in a changing climate.
- We planted 12 native species in ambient rainfall and under 60% rain-out shelters in an invaded coastal grassland in central California. We measured survival and size annually for 4 years and quantified plant community and trait composition in the third and fourth years. We measured growth rate, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf C:N, leaf lobedness and leaf δ13C of all planted species and dominant extant species, and evaluated the effect of treatments, traits and phylogenetics on mortality risk using Cox proportional hazards.
- Native perennial species cover was greater, whereas thatch depth and per cent cover of shrubs and non-native annual grasses were lower, on drought plots. Drought plots had lower community-weighted leaf C:N and higher leaf lobedness.
- Planted species with resource conservative traits, such as higher leaf lobedness and lower growth rate, had lower mortality risk. Increased plasticity of morphological traits (SLA and lobedness) was associated with decreased mortality risk, whereas increased plasticity of physiological traits (leaf C:N and δ13C) and risk was positively correlated. Trait plasticity explained a greater degree of plant mortality risk compared to absolute trait values.
- Plants that were more phylogenetically related to the surrounding plant community had lower mortality risk. Traits of planted species that were important for determining plant mortality in this coastal grassland may be conserved, which was supported by a phylogenetic signal (Blomberg's K = 0.380, Pagel's λ = 0.830) in leaf C:N.
- Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that leaf traits and phylogenetics could serve as plant selection criteria for reducing plant mortality risk during drought, thereby improving restoration outcomes. Because some traits have a phylogenetic signal that explains drought survival, restoration practitioners could expand the use of trait-based selection for closely related species when restoring other arid- and semi-arid ecosystems.
中文翻译：
叶片性状和系统发育解释了在恢复的沿海草原中响应极端干旱的植物生存和群落动态
- 由于更大的水资源压力和限制植物生存的其他非生物过滤器，气候变化将增加恢复结果的不确定性。与干旱相关的植物功能特性可以帮助物种在半干旱环境中抵御过滤器。我们的目标是为选择物种提供指导，以提高气候变化中的恢复成功率。
- 我们在加利福尼亚中部被入侵的沿海草原中种植了 12 种本地物种，在环境降雨和 60% 以下的雨棚中。我们在 4 年中每年测量存活率和大小，并在第三年和第四年量化植物群落和性状组成。我们测量了所有种植物种和现存优势物种的生长速率、比叶面积 (SLA)、叶 C:N、叶裂和叶 δ 13 C，并使用 Cox 比例风险评估了处理、性状和系统发育对死亡风险的影响.
- 在干旱地块上，本地多年生物种覆盖率更高，而茅草深度和灌木和非本地一年生草的覆盖率更低。干旱地块具有较低的群落加权叶 C:N 和较高的叶裂。
- 具有资源保守性状（例如较高的叶裂和较低的生长率）的种植物种具有较低的死亡风险。形态性状（SLA 和裂片）的可塑性增加与死亡风险降低相关，而生理性状（叶 C:N 和 δ 13 C）的可塑性增加与风险呈正相关。与绝对性状值相比，性状可塑性解释了更大程度的植物死亡风险。
- 与周围植物群落在系统发育上更相关的植物具有较低的死亡风险。对确定该沿海草原植物死亡率很重要的种植物种的性状可能会得到保护，这得到了 叶 C:N 中系统发育信号（Blomberg's K = 0.380，Pagel's λ = 0.830）的支持。
- 合成与应用。我们的研究结果表明，叶片性状和系统发育学可以作为植物选择标准，降低干旱期间植物死亡风险，从而改善恢复结果。由于某些性状具有解释干旱生存的系统发育信号，因此恢复从业人员可以在恢复其他干旱和半干旱生态系统时扩大对密切相关物种的基于性状选择的使用。
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