This study aimed to investigate the emotional and behavioral responses of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated factors. Our study included 299 children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders and 299 mothers or fathers. Participant groups were as follows: autism spectrum disorder (n = 131, 43.8%); intellectual disability (n = 103, 34.4%); specific learning disorder (n = 46, 15.4%); and communication disorder (n = 19, 6.4%). A data form was created to investigate the emotional, behavioral, sleep problems, and appetite changes of the cases, and it was adapted for online application and conveyed to the parents in the form of emails. Our study indicated that children and adolescents’ emotional problems were 44.5%, behavioral problems 33.4%, sleep problems 65.2%, and appetite problems 32.4%. Irritability (35.5%), hyperactivity (37.8%), stereotyped behavior (29.8%), delayed sleep phase (51.5%) were the most common problems reported by the parents. The frequencies of emotional and behavioral problems in the ASD group were higher than in the other groups (p < .05). In addition, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used to determine the parents’ anxiety and depression symptoms. Mean HADS anxiety and depression scores of parents were 8.5 ± 4.3 and 7.8 ± 4.2, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown negatively affected children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents in many areas. It is necessary that these children and their families are evaluated and supported by local professionals, as the ongoing pandemic can exacerbate the current challenges. The findings of our study reflect the early period of the pandemic. For this reason, longitudinal studies about the long-term consequences of the pandemic are needed.

本研究旨在调查近期新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间神经发育障碍儿童及其父母的情绪和行为反应及其相关因素。我们的研究包括 299 名患有神经发育障碍的儿童和青少年以及 299 名母亲或父亲。参与者群体如下：自闭症谱系障碍（n  = 131，43.8%）；智力障碍（n  = 103，34.4%）；特定学习障碍（n  = 46, 15.4%）；和沟通障碍（n = 19, 6.4%)。创建了一个数据表来调查个案的情绪、行为、睡眠问题和食欲变化，并将其改编为在线申请并以电子邮件的形式传达给家长。我们的研究表明，儿童青少年的情绪问题占44.5%，行为问题占33.4%，睡眠问题占65.2%，食欲问题占32.4%。易怒（35.5%）、多动（37.8%）、刻板行为（29.8%）、睡眠阶段延迟（51.5%）是家长反映最多的问题。ASD 组情绪和行为问题的频率高于其他组（p < .05)。此外，医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）被用来确定父母的焦虑和抑郁症状。父母的平均 HADS 焦虑和抑郁评分分别为 8.5 ± 4.3 和 7.8 ± 4.2。我们的研究表明，COVID-19 大流行和封锁在许多地区对患有神经发育障碍的儿童及其父母产生了负面影响。这些儿童及其家人有必要得到当地专业人士的评估和支持，因为持续的大流行会加剧当前的挑战。我们的研究结果反映了大流行的早期阶段。因此，需要对大流行的长期后果进行纵向研究。