The manipulation of light emitted by two-dimensional semiconductors grounds forthcoming technologies in the field of on-chip communications. However, these technologies require from the so elusive out-of-plane photon sources to achieve an efficient coupling of radiated light into planar devices. Here we propose a versatile spectroscopic method that enables the identification of the out-of-plane component of dipoles. The method is based on the selective coupling of light emitted by in-plane and out-of-plane dipoles to the whispering gallery modes of spherical dielectric microresonators, in close contact to them. We have applied this method to demonstrate the existence of dipoles with an out-of-plane orientation in monolayer WSe₂ at room temperature. Micro-photoluminescent measurements, numerical simulations based on finite element methods, and ab-initio calculations have identified trions as the source responsible for this out-of-plane emission, opening new routes for realizing on-chip integrated systems with applications in information processing and quantum communications.

二维半导体发出的光的操纵使片上通信领域中即将出现的技术成为现实。然而，这些技术需要如此难以捉摸的平面外光子源，以实现将辐射光有效耦合到平面设备中。在这里，我们提出了一种通用的光谱方法，该方法能够识别偶极子的平面外分量。该方法基于平面内和平面外偶极子发射的光与紧密接触的球形介电微谐振器的回音壁模式的选择性耦合。我们已经应用此方法来证明单层WSe _2中存在平面外取向的偶极子在室温下。微型光致发光测量，基于有限元方法的数值模拟以及从头算计算已经确定tri是导致这种面外发射的源头，为实现片上集成系统及其在信息处理和应用中的应用开辟了新途径。量子通信。