Wettability is one of the key controlling parameters for multiphase flow in porous media, and paramount for various geoscience applications. While a general awareness of the importance of wettability was established decades ago, our fundamental understanding of how wettability influences transport and of how to characterize wettability has improved tremendously in recent years through breakthroughs in imaging technology and modeling techniques. Numerical modeling studies clearly show not only that macroscopic two-phase flow is influenced by the average wettability, but also that the spatial distribution of wetting significantly impacts the macroscopic parameters. Herein, we explore the thermodynamics for porous multiphase systems, and recent breakthroughs in wettability characterization. Our view is that bridging the multiscale characterization of wetting must consider two fundamental perspectives: geometry and energy. Advancing the overall description requires an improved understanding of the operative mechanisms that dominate at various scales, and the development of quantitative approaches to capture these effects. We take a multistage approach, looking at these fundamental perspectives from the sub-pore-to-pore length scales, followed by the pore-to-core length scales using various analytical techniques and numerical simulations. Within this context, there remain many open-ended questions, and we therefore highlight these issues to provide guidance on future research directions. Our overall aim is to provide comprehensive guidance on the multiscale characterization of wettability in porous media, in order to facilitate novel research.

润湿性是多孔介质中多相流的关键控制参数之一，对于各种地球科学应用而言至关重要。尽管几十年前就已经确立了对润湿性重要性的普遍认识，但近年来，通过成像技术和建模技术的突破，我们对润湿性如何影响运输以及如何表征润湿性的基本理解得到了极大的改善。数值模型研究清楚地表明，不仅宏观两相流受平均润湿性的影响，而且润湿的空间分布显着影响宏观参数。本文中，我们探索了多孔多相系统的热力学，以及在润湿性表征方面的最新突破。我们的观点是，桥接润湿的多尺度特征必须考虑两个基本观点：几何学和能量。推进整体描述需要对在各种规模上占主导地位的操作机制有更好的了解，并需要开发定量方法来捕获这些影响。我们采用多阶段方法，从亚孔间距离尺度看这些基本观点，然后使用各种分析技术和数值模拟来观察孔对芯长度尺度。在这种情况下，仍然存在许多悬而未决的问题，因此，我们重点介绍这些问题，以为未来的研究方向提供指导。我们的总体目标是为多孔介质中润湿性的多尺度表征提供全面的指导，