We experimentally and numerically demonstrate an approach to optically reproduce a pyramidal neuron-like dynamics dominated by dendritic ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ action potentials (dCaAPs) based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) for the first time. The biological pyramidal neural dynamics dominated by dCaAPs indicates that the dendritic electrode evoked somatic spikes with current near threshold but failed to evoke (or evoked less) somatic spikes for higher current intensity. The emulating neuron-like dynamics is performed optically based on the injection locking, spiking dynamics, and damped oscillations in the optically injected VCSEL. In addition, the exclusive OR (XOR) classification task is examined in the VCSEL neuron equipped with the pyramidal neuron-like dynamics dominated by dCaAPs. Furthermore, a single spike or multiple periodic spikes are suggested to express the result of the XOR classification task for enhancing the processing rate or accuracy. The experimental and numerical results show that the XOR classification task is achieved successfully in the VCSEL neuron enabled to mimic the pyramidal neuron-like dynamics dominated by dCaAPs. This work reveals valuable pyramidal neuron-like dynamics in a VCSEL and offers a novel approach to solve XOR classification task with a fast and simple all-optical spiking neural network, and hence shows great potentials for future photonic spiking neural networks and photonic neuromorphic computing.

中文翻译：

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基于 VCSEL 的树突动作电位主导的锥体神经元样动力学的实验演示，用于全光 XOR 分类任务

我们通过实验和数值演示了一种以光学方式再现由树突主导的锥体神经元样动力学的方法 ${钙}^{2+}$首次基于垂直腔面发射激光器 (VCSEL) 的动作电位 (dCaAP)。由 dCaAPs 主导的生物锥体神经动力学表明，树突状电极在电流接近阈值时诱发体细胞尖峰，但未能诱发（或诱发较少）体细胞尖峰以获得更高的电流强度。模拟神经元动力学基于光学注入 VCSEL 中的注入锁定、尖峰动力学和阻尼振荡以光学方式执行。此外，在配备由 dCaAP 主导的锥体神经元样动力学的 VCSEL 神经元中检查了异或 (XOR) 分类任务。此外，建议使用单个尖峰或多个周期性尖峰来表达 XOR 分类任务的结果，以提高处理速度或准确性。实验和数值结果表明，在 VCSEL 神经元中成功实现了 XOR 分类任务，能够模拟由 dCaAP 主导的锥体神经元样动力学。这项工作揭示了 VCSEL 中有价值的锥体神经元动力学，并提供了一种使用快速简单的全光尖峰神经网络解决 XOR 分类任务的新方法，因此为未来的光子尖峰神经网络和光子神经形态计算显示了巨大的潜力。