As one of the best-known commercial goat breeds in the world, Boer goat has undergone long-term artificial selection for nearly 100 years, and its excellent growth rate and meat production performance have attracted considerable worldwide attention. Herein, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from the whole-genome sequencing data of 46 Australian Boer goats to detect polymorphisms and identify genomic regions related to muscle development in comparison with those of 81 non-specialized meat goat individuals from Europe, Africa, and Asia. A total of 13 795 202 SNPs were identified, and the whole-genome selective signal screen with a π ratio of nucleotide diversity (π_case/π_control) and pairwise fixation index (F_ST) was analyzed. Finally, we identified 1741 candidate selective windows based on the top 5% threshold of both parameters; here, 449 candidate genes were only found in 727 of these regions. A total of 433 genes out of the 449 genes obtained were annotated to 2729 gene ontology terms, of which 51 were directly linked to muscle development (e.g., muscle organ development, muscle cell differentiation) by 30 candidate genes (e.g., JAK2, KCNQ1, PDE5A, PDLIM5, TBX5). In addition, 246 signaling pathways were annotated by 178 genes, and two pathways related to muscle contraction, including vascular smooth muscle contraction (ADCY7, PRKCB, PLA2G4E, ROCK2) and cardiac muscle contraction (CACNA2D3, CASQ2, COX6B1), were identified. The results could improve the current understanding of the genetic effects of artificial selection on the muscle development of goat. More importantly, this study provides valuable candidate genes for future breeding of goats.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚波尔山羊的全基因组选择信号分析揭示了与肌肉发育相关的候选基因的人工选择印记

波尔山羊作为世界上最著名的商品山羊品种之一，经过近100年的长期人工选育，其优良的生长速度和产肉性能引起了全世界的广泛关注。在此，我们使用从 46 只澳大利亚波尔山羊的全基因组测序数据中调用的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 来检测多态性并识别与来自欧洲、非洲的 81 只非特化肉山羊个体的肌肉发育相关的基因组区域。 ，和亚洲。共鉴定出13 795 202个SNP，以核苷酸多样性的π比（π_案例/ π_对照）和成对固定指数（F _ST ) 进行了分析。最后，我们根据两个参数的前 5% 阈值确定了 1741 个候选选择窗口；在这里，仅在这些区域的 727 个中发现了 449 个候选基因。获得的449个基因中的433个基因被注释为2729个基因本体术语，其中51个基因通过30个候选基因（如JAK2、KCNQ1、PDE5A、PDLIM5、TBX5 )。此外，246条信号通路被178个基因注释，两条通路与肌肉收缩有关，包括血管平滑肌收缩（ADCY7、PRKCB）、PLA2G4E、ROCK2）和心肌收缩（CACNA2D3、CASQ2、COX6B1）被确定。结果可以提高目前对人工选择对山羊肌肉发育的遗传影响的理解。更重要的是，这项研究为山羊的未来育种提供了有价值的候选基因。