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Long-term no-till increases soil nitrogen mineralization but does not affect optimal corn nitrogen fertilization practices relative to inversion tillage
Soil and Tillage Research ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105080
Lucas Pecci Canisares , John Grove , Fernando Miguez , Hanna Poffenbarger

No-till management is a proven practice for increasing soil organic matter in many environments. By increasing soil organic matter, no-till may increase soil N mineralization, potentially reducing crop demand for N fertilizer relative to inversion tillage. In this study, we hypothesized that, relative to inversion tillage (moldboard plowing), long-term no-till would: i) increase total N stocks, ii) increase mineralized N during the growing season, iii) increase grain yield and N uptake, and iv) reduce reliance of corn (Zea mays L.) on N fertilizer inputs. We tested these hypotheses in a long-term, continuous corn tillage and fertilizer N rate study located in Lexington, KY. We measured the total soil N and potentially mineralizable N after 48 years, the in situ mineralized N and N uptake during two corn seasons (2018–2019), and the corn grain yield for five seasons (2015–2019). We evaluated the effect of no-till on N fertilizer reliance in two ways – the first was by measuring the agronomic optimum N rate of corn in the two tillage systems, and the second was by measuring the corn yield response to late N fertilization timing in the two tillage systems. We found that the no-till system had 1000 kg N ha−1 greater total soil N stocks in the top 20 cm, mineralized 65 kg ha−1 more N during corn growth, and resulted in 22−71 kg N ha−1 and 780−1800 kg ha−1 greater N uptake and grain yield across N rates, respectively, than the plowed system. The agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) did not differ among tillage treatments, potentially because the no-till treatment yielded more and thus demanded more N. Although corn yield responded to the late N fertilization treatment, the response was similar in both the no-till and plowed treatments. We conclude that long-term no-till increases soil N mineralization and corn yield relative to inversion tillage, with minimal effect on the AONR or optimal timing of N fertilizer application.



中文翻译:

长期免耕可增加土壤氮的矿化作用,但相对于反向耕作而言,不会影响最佳的玉米氮肥施用方式

免耕管理是在许多环境中增加土壤有机质的一种行之有效的做法。通过增加土壤有机质,免耕会增加土壤中的氮矿化程度,相对于反向耕作,可能减少作物对氮肥的需求。在这项研究中,我们假设相对于反向耕作(mol草翻耕),长期免耕将:i)增加总氮储量,ii)在生长季节增加矿化的氮,iii)增加谷物产量和氮素吸收和iv)减少玉米(Zea mays L.)对氮肥投入的依赖。我们在肯塔基州列克星敦市进行了一项长期,连续的玉米耕作和肥料氮肥施用率研究,对这些假设进行了检验。我们测量了48年后原位土壤的总氮和可能矿化的氮在两个玉米季节(2018-2019年)中矿化的氮和氮吸收量,以及五个季节(2015-2019年)的玉米籽粒产量。我们以两种方式评估了免耕对氮肥依赖的影响:一种是通过测量两种耕作系统中玉米的农艺最佳氮素利用率,第二种是通过测量玉米对后期施氮的产量响应。两个耕作系统。我们发现免耕系统在前20 cm的土壤总氮储量增加了1000 kg N ha -1,在玉米生长期间矿化了65 kg ha -1多的氮,导致22-71 kg N ha -1和780−1800千克公顷-1与耕作制度相比,在不同氮素施用率下,氮素吸收和谷物产量更高。在耕作处理之间,农艺最佳氮素含量(AONR)没有差异,这可能是因为免耕处理产生的氮含量更高,因此需要更多的氮。尽管玉米产量对后期施氮处理有反应,但两种氮肥的响应相似。直到耕种。我们得出的结论是,相对于反向耕作,长期免耕可增加土壤氮矿化和玉米产量,对AONR或氮肥最佳施用时机的影响最小。

更新日期:2021-05-26
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