The Coffee industry faces a range of sustainability issues including energy demand, waste management and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study develops and analyses an experimental WTE proposal using an independent Coffee Company's integrated energy-waste management strategy, to achieve a circular economy (CE) system: treatment and reuse of spent coffee grounds (SCG) to fuel the roasting-phase. The SCG's chemical properties and combustion characteristics were determined using international standard methods and evaluated against conventional fuels to establish their energetic-potential; this included elemental composition, thermochemical behaviour, higher heating value (HHV) and carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂e). A Life Cycle Analysis approach was utilised to calculate the CO₂ emissions for each fuel sample and roasting scenario, demonstrative of the roasting-phase and representative of Scope 1 emissions. The SCG were more energetic than conventional-biomass, however, less than fossil fuels. SCG utilisation achieved carbon savings of 5.06 kg CO₂e / kg⁻¹ fuel for each batch roasted compared to a conventional approach, and a further 0.77 kg CO₂e / kg⁻¹fuel for each batch roasted resulting from integrated subsystems (total 5.83 kg CO₂e / kg⁻¹ fuel). SCG high nitrogen concentration may still cause concerns about GHG emissions. The integrated energy-waste management strategy facilitates industrial symbiosis, clearly achieving waste reduction by exercising CE characteristics, namely ‘resource-sharing’ and ‘increased cooperation’ between coffee roasteries and shops, enabled by zero-waste principles and Coffee Company's reverse-logistic Product Service Model. Recovering value from SCG as part of the coffee supply chain shows significant promise towards achieving a CE system, indicated by reduced raw material extraction, waste generation and CO₂ emissions.

咖啡行业面临一系列可持续发展问题，包括能源需求，废物管理和温室气体（GHG）排放。这项研究使用独立的咖啡公司的综合能源废物管理策略制定并分析了实验性WTE提案，以实现循环经济（CE）系统：处理和再利用废咖啡渣（SCG）来为烘焙阶段提供燃料。SCG的化学性质和燃烧特性是使用国际标准方法确定的，并针对常规燃料进行了评估，以确定其能量潜能。其中包括元素组成，热化学行为，较高的热值（HHV）和二氧化碳排放量（CO ₂ e）。使用生命周期分析方法来计算CO ₂每种燃料样品和焙烧场景的排放量，说明了焙烧阶段，并代表了范围1的排放量。SCG比常规生物质更有活力，但比化石燃料少。与传统方法相比，SCG的利用使每批次焙烧的碳节省量减少了5.06 kg CO ₂ e / kg ^-1燃料，集成子系统使每批次焙烧的碳节省了0.77 kg CO ₂ e / kg ^-1燃料（总计5.83千克CO ₂ e /千克^-1燃料）。SCG的高氮浓度仍可能引起人们对温室气体排放的担忧。整合的能源废物管理策略促进了工业共生，通过利用CE特性（即零浪费原则和Coffee Company的逆向物流产品支持），实现了CE特色，即咖啡烘焙商和商店之间的“资源共享”和“加强合作”，从而明显减少了废物服务模型。作为咖啡供应链的一部分，从SCG回收价值显示出实现CE系统的巨大希望，其特点是减少了原材料的提取，废物的产生和CO _2的排放。