The present study proposes a new interactive methodology and an interactive tool for the response to water network failure events facilitating near real-time decision-making. The proposed methodology considers: (i) a structured yet flexible approach supporting and guiding the operator throughout the entire response process to water network failure events, while allowing the operator to have a final say; (ii) a novel interaction with the operator in near real time via the proposed tool (e.g. allowing operators to propose different ‘what-if’ scenarios without being hydraulic experts); (iii) the provision of automatically generated advice (e.g. optimal response solutions and assessed end-impacts) – although optimal response solutions not identified in near real time yet; and (iv) improved impact assessment using realistic impact indicators that cover different aspects of the event – which are consistently calculated for every proposed response solution (to facilitate easy comparison between different response solutions). The new methodology was applied on a semi-real case study. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the new response methodology and its application through the interactive tool to improve water utilities' current practice. This was accomplished through supporting/guiding operators in the identification of effective response solutions with low end-impact on the consumers and low cost for the utility.

本研究为水网络故障事件的响应提出了一种新的交互式方法和交互式工具，有助于近实时决策。拟议的方法考虑：（i）一种结构化但灵活的方法，在对水网络故障事件的整个响应过程中支持和指导操作员，同时允许操作员拥有最终决定权；（ii）通过提议的工具与操作员进行近乎新颖的互动（例如，允许操作员在无需液压专家的情况下提出不同的“假设情况”）；（iii）提供自动生成的建议（例如最佳响应解决方案和评估的最终影响）–尽管尚未实时确定最佳响应解决方案；（iv）使用涵盖事件各个方面的现实影响指标来改进影响评估，这些指标针对每个提议的响应解决方案进行统一计算（以方便不同响应解决方案之间的比较）。新的方法论已应用于半实际案例研究中。获得的结果证明了新的响应方法及其通过交互式工具在改善自来水公司当前实践中的应用的潜力。这是通过支持/指导操作人员确定有效的响应解决方案来实现的，这些解决方案对用户的影响很小，对公用事业的成本也较低。新的方法论已应用于半实际案例研究中。获得的结果证明了新的响应方法论及其通过交互式工具在改善自来水公司当前实践中的应用的潜力。这是通过支持/指导操作人员确定有效的响应解决方案来实现的，这些解决方案对用户的影响很小，对公用事业的成本也较低。新的方法论已应用于半实际案例研究中。获得的结果证明了新的响应方法及其通过交互式工具在改善自来水公司当前实践中的应用的潜力。这是通过支持/指导操作人员确定有效的响应解决方案来实现的，这些解决方案对用户的影响很小，对公用事业的成本也较低。