When researchers disclose their original data, they can enhance the visibility of their research works and gain more academic credits (credit effect). By contrast, doing so may accelerate the knowledge replacement process, which dissipates the academic credit that their research works may have received (competition effect). In this study, we examine whether and the extent to which scientists gain academic credit for their research works by publicly disclosing their data. Our review of various literature hypothesizes that data-disclosing research gains more academic credit than non-data-disclosing research in the short term. However, this difference gradually disappears and reverses as the competition effect emerges. This pattern is expected to systematically differ depending on the academic reputation of the journals where the data-disclosing research is published. We empirically test the derived hypotheses by analyzing the metadata of over 310,000 Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC)-indexed journal articles published in 2010. Our analysis supports both hypotheses. The present study contributes to the on-going policy discussion about the need for institutional measures to promote disclosure of research data by scientists.

当研究人员披露其原始数据时，他们可以提高研究工作的知名度并获得更多的学分（信用效应）。相比之下，这样做可能会加速知识替换过程，这会消散他们的研究成果可能获得的学术信誉（竞争效应）。在这项研究中，我们研究了通过公开披露数据，科学家是否以及在多大程度上获得了研究工作的学术认可。我们对各种文献的评论假设，在短期内，数据公开研究比非数据公开研究获得更多的学术信誉。但是，随着竞争效果的出现，这种差异逐渐消失并逆转。预计这种模式会系统地有所不同，具体取决于发布数据公开研究的期刊的学术声誉。我们通过分析2010年发布的310,000篇Web of Science核心收藏（WoS CC）索引的期刊文章的元数据，对所提出的假设进行经验检验。我们的分析支持这两种假设。本研究有助于正在进行的有关需要采取机构措施以促进科学家公开研究数据的政策讨论。