Abstract

Objective

To analyse the combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition over a three-year follow-up period; and to explore this relationship specifically in individuals aged 65+ years.

Design

Data from the ‘Edad con Salud’ project were analysed (n = 1,144; 50+ years).

Main Outcome Measures

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to evaluate depression. CR was assessed with the Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire. Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory and recall. Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Random coefficient regression analyses were performed.

Results

Depression was associated with lower scores in episodic memory, whereas increased levels of CR were related with higher scores across all the cognitive tests. Among older-aged individuals, cognition decreased at lower levels of CR regardless of depression, while participants with depression exhibited decreased values in both measures of memory at higher levels of CR.

Conclusion

Depression and CR were related with cognitive performance. Among older individuals, those with low levels of CR may constitute a vulnerable group with poor cognitive prognosis, whilst a harmful effect of depression on memory performance was observed among individuals with greater CR. Further evidence needs to be gathered to understand these associations.

中文翻译：

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抑郁症和认知储备对认知功能有共同影响吗？基于人群的研究结果

摘要

客观的

分析抑郁症和认知储备（CR）对认知在三年随访期间的综合影响；并专门在 65 岁以上的个体中探索这种关系。

设计

分析了来自“Edad con Salud”项目的数据（n  = 1,144；50 多年）。

主要观察指标

综合国际诊断访谈用于评估抑郁症。CR 采用认知储备问卷进行评估。情景记忆通过单词列表记忆和回忆进行评估。通过动物命名任务测量语言流畅度。进行了随机系数回归分析。

结果

抑郁症与情景记忆得分较低有关，而 CR 水平升高与所有认知测试得分较高有关。在老年人中，无论是否患有抑郁症，CR 水平较低时认知都会下降，而抑郁症参与者在较高 CR 水平时的两种记忆测量值均有所下降。

结论

抑郁和CR与认知表现有关。在老年人中，CR 水平低的人可能构成认知预后较差的弱势群体，而在 CR 较高的个体中观察到抑郁症对记忆表现的有害影响。需要收集进一步的证据来理解这些关联。