Research problem: The use of virtual teams (VTs) has been growing steadily since the late 1990s. However, there is disagreement on how the virtuality of a team impacts the relationship of trust and team effectiveness. Some studies have suggested that the operationalization of the virtuality has been simplistic, with most researchers treating virtuality as a binary state. Recently, some researchers have sought to explore more complex conceptualizations of virtuality. Research question: How do dimensions of virtuality impact the relationship between intrateam trust and team effectiveness for virtual teams? Literature review: Researchers have been studying the dynamics of VTs for more than 20 years; however, the prevailing measure of virtuality is unidimensional. Following others, we employ a multidimensional measure of virtuality to model three interactions with the relationship between intrateam trust and team effectiveness. By reviewing relevant team effectiveness, intrateam trust, and virtuality literature, we build a model of team effectiveness based on three dimensions of virtuality. Methodology: A total of 230 subjects on 73 project teams were asked to record their interactions while working on a complex case assignment, allowing us to measure the three dimensions of virtuality. Results: Findings indicate that although Distance Virtuality and Member Virtuality moderate the relationship between intrateam trust and effectiveness, Time Worked Virtually does not, supporting the proposition that virtuality is a multidimensional construct. Conclusion: Differential findings support the multidimensional conceptualization of virtuality. We discuss several implications of our findings for virtual team managers, while paying attention to recent changes in team composition resulting from shelter-in-place orders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

中文翻译：

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虚拟性对团队信任和效率的调节作用


研究问题：自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来，虚拟团队 (VT) 的使用一直在稳步增长。然而，对于团队的虚拟性如何影响信任关系和团队有效性存在分歧。一些研究表明，虚拟性的操作过于简单化，大多数研究人员将虚拟性视为二元状态。最近，一些研究人员试图探索更复杂的虚拟概念。研究问题：虚拟性的维度如何影响虚拟团队的团队内部信任和团队有效性之间的关系？文献综述：研究人员对VT动力学的研究已有20多年；然而，普遍的虚拟性衡量标准是一维的。跟随其他人，我们采用多维虚拟性度量来模拟团队内部信任和团队有效性之间关系的三种交互。通过回顾相关团队有效性、团队内部信任和虚拟性文献，我们构建了基于虚拟性三个维度的团队有效性模型。方法：73 个项目团队的总共 230 名受试者被要求记录他们在处理复杂案例作业时的互动，从而使我们能够衡量虚拟性的三个维度。结果：研究结果表明，虽然距离虚拟性和成员虚拟性调节了团队内部信任和有效性之间的关系，但虚拟工作时间却没有，这支持了虚拟性是多维结构的主张。结论：不同的发现支持虚拟性的多维概念化。 我们讨论了我们的研究结果对虚拟团队经理的一些影响，同时关注与 COVID-19 大流行相关的就地避难令导致的团队构成的最新变化。