Situation awareness (SA) is an important factor that affects the performance of operators who work in complex environments. SA is defined as the perception of elements in an environment (level 1), understanding their meaning (level 2), and the projection of their state into the future (level 3). The first step to assess SA is identifying its requirements, for which goal-directed task analysis (GDTA) is the recommended technique. GDTA is a type of cognitive task analysis that focuses on the goals that a human operator must achieve, and the information required to accomplish them. The result of GDTA is a list of information (SA elements) that are categorized into the three SA levels. However, GDTA-based studies typically categorize SA elements into the three SA levels without stating their categorization rules. Therefore, this article proposes a taxonomy to categorize SA elements obtained via GDTA into SA levels. First, we present the results of a systematic literature review (N = 87) to gain insight into how analysts apply their classification criteria. Then, we propose a categorization taxonomy based on the ISO 15939 standard. To validate the proposed taxonomy, we analyze a subset of GDTA results in two cases, and the results of the analysis show that the proposed categorization rules are applicable to the two analyzed cases.

中文翻译：

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显式分类法是否有助于执行目标导向的任务分析？


态势感知（SA）是影响在复杂环境中工作的操作人员绩效的重要因素。 SA 被定义为对环境中元素的感知（第 1 级）、理解其含义（第 2 级）以及对未来状态的预测（第 3 级）。评估 SA 的第一步是确定其需求，为此推荐使用目标导向任务分析 (GDTA) 技术。 GDTA 是一种认知任务分析，重点关注人类操作员必须实现的目标以及完成这些目标所需的信息。 GDTA 的结果是一个信息列表（SA 元素），分为三个 SA 级别。然而，基于GDTA的研究通常将SA要素分为三个SA级别，但没有说明其分类规则。因此，本文提出了一种分类法，将通过 GDTA 获得的 SA 元素分类为 SA 级别。首先，我们提出系统文献综述 (N = 87) 的结果，以深入了解分析师如何应用其分类标准。然后，我们提出基于 ISO 15939 标准的分类法。为了验证所提出的分类法，我们分析了两种情况下 GDTA 结果的子集，分析结果表明所提出的分类规则适用于这两种分析情况。