Modern electronic devices have become “smart” as well as omnipresent in our day-to-day lives. From small household devices to large industrial machines, smart devices have become very popular in every possible application domain. Smart devices in our homes, offices, buildings, and cities can connect with other devices as well as with the physical world around them. This increasing popularity has also placed smart devices as the center of attention among attackers. Already, several types of malicious activities exist that attempt to compromise the security and privacy of smart devices. One interesting and noteworthy emerging threat vector is the attacks that abuse the use of sensors on smart devices. Smart devices are vulnerable to sensor-based threats and attacks due to the lack of proper security mechanisms available to control the use of sensors by installed apps. By exploiting the sensors (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, microphone, light sensor, etc.) on a smart device, attackers can extract information from the device, transfer malware to a device, or trigger a malicious activity to compromise the device. In this paper, we explore various threats and attacks abusing sensors of smart devices for malicious purposes. Specifically, we present a detailed survey about existing sensor-based threats and attacks to smart devices and countermeasures that have been developed to secure smart devices from sensor-based threats. Furthermore, we discuss security and privacy issues of smart devices in the context of sensor-based threats and attacks and conclude with future research directions.

中文翻译：

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基于传感器的威胁和对智能设备及其应用程序攻击的调查

现代电子设备已成为我们日常生活中的“智能”和无所不在。从小型家用设备到大型工业机器，智能设备已在每个可能的应用领域中变得非常流行。我们的家庭，办公室，建筑物和城市中的智能设备可以与其他设备以及周围的物理世界连接。这种日益普及的趋势也使智能设备成为攻击者关注的焦点。已经存在几种类型的恶意活动，它们试图损害智能设备的安全性和隐私性。一种有趣且值得注意的新兴威胁媒介是滥用感应器在智能设备上。智能设备容易受到攻击基于传感器的威胁和攻击由于缺乏适当的安全机制来控制已安装的应用程序对传感器的使用。通过利用智能设备上的传感器（例如，加速度计，陀螺仪，麦克风，光传感器等），攻击者可以从设备中提取信息，将恶意软件传输到设备或触发恶意活动来危害设备。在本文中，我们探讨了滥用恶意设备的智能设备传感器的各种威胁和攻击。具体来说，我们提供有关现有的基于传感器的威胁和对智能设备的攻击的详细调查，以及为保护智能设备免受基于传感器的威胁而开发的对策。此外，我们在基于传感器的威胁和攻击的背景下讨论了智能设备的安全性和隐私问题，并总结了未来的研究方向。