Survival in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) lags behind heart, liver, and kidney transplant, in part due to the direct and indirect effects of infection. LTRs have increased susceptibility to infection due to the combination of a graft continually exposed to the outside world, multiple mechanisms for impaired mucus clearance, and immunosuppression. Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARVs) are common in LTRs. Picornaviruses have roughly 40% cumulative incidence followed by respiratory syncytial virus and coronaviruses. Although single-center retrospective and prospective series implicate CARV in rejection and mortality, conclusive evidence for and well-defined mechanistic links to long-term outcome are lacking. Treatment of viral infections can be challenging except for influenza. Future studies are needed to develop better treatments and clarify the links between CARV and long-term outcomes.

肺移植受者 (LTR) 的存活率落后于心脏、肝脏和肾脏移植，部分原因是感染的直接和间接影响。由于移植物不断暴露于外界环境、粘液清除受损的多种机制和免疫抑制，LTR 增加了对感染的易感性。社区获得性呼吸道病毒感染 (CARV) 在 LTR 中很常见。小核糖核酸病毒的累积发病率约为 40%，其次是呼吸道合胞病毒和冠状病毒。尽管单中心回顾性和前瞻性系列研究表明 CARV 与排斥反应和死亡率有关，但缺乏确凿的证据以及与长期结果的明确机制联系。除流感外，病毒感染的治疗可能具有挑战性。