Hybrid thermosyphons have been installed in several permafrost protection applications due to their ability to operate continuously irrespective of seasonal temperature variations. In winter seasons, the thermosyphon operates passively by transferring energy between the ground and cold ambient air; while in warmer/summer seasons, an active refrigeration plant is used as a substitute for colder climate to extract the heat and freeze the ground. This study presents a novel conjugate mathematical model of hybrid thermosyphons based on thermal resistance networks, coupled with transient two-phase artificial ground freezing heat flow based on the enthalpy method. The model is validated against laboratory experimental data from literature and field test data from the Giant Mine in Yellowknife, Canada. Various design and operating parameters are investigated with the aim to maximizing ground heat extraction while minimizing energy consumption. The results indicate that active refrigeration substantially accelerates the formation of the desired frozen ground volume. After a certain time, passive cooling mode can be continuously adopted to reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration plants while maintaining the desired frozen ground thickness. Finally, the model can be used to assist engineers and practitioners to optimize the design of hybrid thermosyphon for permafrost protection or other ground freezing applications.

混合热虹吸管由于能够不受季节温度变化的影响而连续运行，因此已安装在多个永久冻土保护应用中。在冬季，热虹吸管通过在地面和寒冷的环境空气之间传递能量来被动运行；而在温暖/夏季，主动制冷设备被用作替代寒冷气候以提取热量并冻结地面。本研究提出了一种基于热阻网络的混合热虹吸管的新型共轭数学模型，并结合基于焓法的瞬态两相人工地面冻结热流。该模型已根据来自加拿大耶洛奈夫 Giant Mine 的文献和现场测试数据的实验室实验数据进行了验证。研究了各种设计和运行参数，目的是最大限度地提取地热，同时最大限度地减少能源消耗。结果表明，主动制冷显着加速了所需冻土体积的形成。一定时间后，可连续采用被动冷却方式，在保持所需冻土厚度的同时，降低制冷设备的能耗。最后，该模型可用于帮助工程师和从业人员优化用于永久冻土保护或其他地面冻结应用的混合热虹吸管的设计。一定时间后，可连续采用被动冷却方式，在保持所需冻土厚度的同时，降低制冷设备的能耗。最后，该模型可用于帮助工程师和从业人员优化用于永久冻土保护或其他地面冻结应用的混合热虹吸管的设计。一定时间后，可以连续采用被动冷却模式以减少制冷设备的能耗，同时保持所需的冻结地面厚度。最后，该模型可用于帮助工程师和从业人员优化用于永久冻土保护或其他地面冻结应用的混合热虹吸管的设计。