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The fold-thrust belt stress cycle: Superposition of normal, strike-slip, and thrust faulting deformation regimes
Journal of Structural Geology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104362
David A. Ferrill , Kevin J. Smart , Adam J. Cawood , Alan P. Morris

Mesoscale deformation in fold-thrust belts and foreland areas occurs during the interaction of evolving stress regimes and mechanical stratigraphy, leading to a progressive deformation sequence. Tensile, hybrid, shear, compactive shear, and compactive failure may all occur in a thrust faulting stress and deformation regime, often contemporaneously in adjacent layers. Mesostructural studies, however, typically identify structural suites that appear inconsistent with a thrust faulting stress regime, such as vertical opening-mode fractures, normal faults, and strike-slip faults. We present a conceptual model that considers the progressive sequence associated with development and eventual waning of fold-thrust belt activity. The general sequence consists of five stages: (1) burial deformation in a normal faulting stress regime, (2) early horizontal contractional deformation in a strike-slip stress regime, (3) horizontal contractional deformation in a thrust faulting stress regime, (4) late horizontal contractional deformation and initial relaxation in a strike-slip stress regime, and (5) horizontal extensional deformation in a normal faulting stress regime. This sequence can be recognized in horizontal or subhorizontal strata in fold-thrust belts and foreland areas, and in more structurally complex structural positions. This model explains common suites of mesostructures, and can be used to (i) predict mesostructural suites in different structural positions, (ii) explain apparently anomalous, but inherited, structures, and (iii) infer paleostress history.



中文翻译:

褶皱-冲断带应力循环:法向,走滑和逆冲断层变形状态的叠加

褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的中尺度形变发生在不断演化的应力状态与机械地层相互作用的过程中,从而导致了渐进形变序列。拉伸,混合,剪切,压实剪切和压实破坏都可能发生在推力断裂应力和变形状态下,通常同时在相邻层中发生。但是,细观结构研究通常会发现与逆冲断层应力状态不一致的结构组,例如垂直张开型裂缝,正断层和走滑断层。我们提出了一个概念模型,考虑了与褶皱冲断带活动的发展和最终减弱相关的渐进序列。一般顺序包括五个阶段:(1)在正常断层应力状态下的埋藏变形,(2)走滑应力状态下的早期水平收缩变形;(3)逆冲断层应力状态下的水平收缩变形;(4)走滑应力状态下的晚期水平收缩变形和初始松弛;以及(5)正常断层应力状态下的水平延伸变形。可以在褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的水平或水平下地层中,以及在结构上更复杂的结构位置中识别该序列。该模型解释了常见的细观结构套件,可用于(i)预测不同结构位置的细观结构套件,(ii)解释表面上异常但继承的结构,以及(iii)推断古应力历史。(3)逆冲断层应力状态下的水平收缩变形,(4)走滑应力状态下的晚期水平收缩变形和初始松弛,(5)正断层应力状态下的水平延伸变形。可以在褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的水平或水平下地层中,以及在结构上更复杂的结构位置中识别该序列。该模型解释了常见的细观结构套件,可用于(i)预测不同结构位置的细观结构套件,(ii)解释表面上异常但继承的结构,以及(iii)推断古应力历史。(3)逆断层应力状态下的水平收缩变形,(4)走滑应力状态下的晚期水平收缩变形和初始松弛,(5)正断层应力状态下的水平延伸变形。可以在褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的水平或水平下地层中,以及在结构上更复杂的结构位置中识别该序列。该模型解释了常见的细观结构套件,可用于(i)预测不同结构位置的细观结构套件,(ii)解释表面上异常但继承的结构,以及(iii)推断古应力历史。可以在褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的水平或水平下地层中,以及在结构上更复杂的结构位置中识别该序列。该模型解释了常见的细观结构套件,可用于(i)预测不同结构位置的细观结构套件,(ii)解释表面上异常但继承的结构,以及(iii)推断古应力历史。可以在褶皱冲断带和前陆地区的水平或水平下地层中,以及在结构上更复杂的结构位置中识别该序列。该模型解释了常见的细观结构套件,可用于(i)预测不同结构位置的细观结构套件,(ii)解释表面上异常但继承的结构,以及(iii)推断古应力历史。

更新日期:2021-05-25
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