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The Role of Formalism in System Requirements
ACM Computing Surveys ( IF 23.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-25 , DOI: 10.1145/3448975
Jean-Michel Bruel 1 , Sophie Ebersold 1 , Florian Galinier 1 , Manuel Mazzara 2 , Alexandr Naumchev 2 , Bertrand Meyer 3
Affiliation  

A major determinant of the quality of software systems is the quality of their requirements, which should be both understandable and precise. Most requirements are written in natural language, which is good for understandability but lacks precision. To make requirements precise, researchers have for years advocated the use of mathematics-based notations and methods, known as “formal.” Many exist, differing in their style, scope, and applicability. The present survey discusses some of the main formal approaches and compares them to informal methods. The analysis uses a set of nine complementary criteria, such as level of abstraction, tool availability, and traceability support. It classifies the approaches into five categories based on their principal style for specifying requirements: natural-language, semi-formal, automata/graphs, mathematical, and seamless (programming-language-based). It includes examples from all of these categories, altogether 21 different approaches, including for example SysML, Relax, Eiffel, Event-B, and Alloy. The review discusses a number of open questions, including seamlessness, the role of tools and education, and how to make industrial applications benefit more from the contributions of formal approaches.

中文翻译:

形式主义在系统需求中的作用

软件系统质量的一个主要决定因素是其需求的质量,它应该是可理解的和精确的。大多数需求都是用自然语言编写的,这有助于理解,但缺乏精确性。为了使要求精确,研究人员多年来一直提倡使用基于数学的符号和方法,即所谓的“形式化”。许多存在,它们的风格、范围和适用性不同。本次调查讨论了一些主要的正式方法,并将它们与非正式方法进行了比较。该分析使用一组九个互补标准,例如抽象级别、工具可用性和可追溯性支持。它根据指定需求的主要风格将方法分为五类:自然语言、半形式、自动机/图形、数学、和无缝的(基于编程语言)。它包括来自所有这些类别的示例,共有 21 种不同的方法,包括例如 SysML、Relax、Eiffel、Event-B 和 Alloy。该评论讨论了许多开放性问题,包括无缝性、工具和教育的作用,以及如何使工业应用程序更多地从正式方法的贡献中受益。
更新日期:2021-05-25
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