1. The expansion and intensification of marine uses have severe cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and human well-being, unless they are properly managed with an ecosystem-based management approach.
2. A systematic conservation planning approach, using marxan with zones, was applied to generate alternative marine spatial plans for the Aegean Sea. Relevant human uses were included and their cumulative impact on a wide set of key biodiversity features was considered in the analysis. Different cost scenarios were developed to gain insight on the effects of the approaches used to assess socio-economic factors, and their potential impact on spatial plans.
3. The spatial plans generated differed greatly depending on the method used to estimate opportunity costs and evaluate human activities in monetary terms.
4. The vulnerability weights (the relative vulnerability of ecological features to specific human activities and their impacts) that were estimated based on a cumulative impact assessment, allowed the assessment of each zone in contributing to the achievement of conservation targets, through a transparent planning approach.
5. Results indicate that special care should be given to how socio-economic activities, their impact on the ecosystems, and related costs are incorporated into planning.
6. The proposed approach demonstrates how EU member states may effectively comply with the new Biodiversity Strategy 2030 targets, while planning for the sustainable use of their marine resources.

中文翻译：

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以生物多样性保护为重点的海洋空间规划：以爱琴海为例

1. 海洋利用的扩大和集约化会对海洋生态系统和人类福祉产生严重的累积影响，除非采用基于生态系统的管理方法对其进行适当管理。
2. 使用带有区域的 marxan 的系统保护规划方法被应用于为爱琴海生成替代海洋空间规划。分析中包括了相关的人类用途，并考虑了它们对广泛的关键生物多样性特征的累积影响。开发了不同的成本情景，以深入了解用于评估社会经济因素的方法的影响及其对空间规划的潜在影响。
3. 根据用于估算机会成本和以货币形式评估人类活动的方法，生成的空间计划有很大差异。
4. 基于累积影响评估估计的脆弱性权重（生态特征对特定人类活动及其影响的相对脆弱性）允许通过透明的规划方法评估每个区域对实现保护目标的贡献。
5. 结果表明，应特别注意如何将社会经济活动、它们对生态系统的影响以及相关成本纳入规划。
6. 提议的方法展示了欧盟成员国如何有效地遵守新的生物多样性战略 2030 目标，同时规划其海洋资源的可持续利用。