Abstract

The nitrogen mineralization capacity of soils characterizes the rate of organic nitrogen-containing compounds decomposition and reflects their ability to accumulate mobile mineral nitrogen, an objective indicator of the availability of this major nutrient to plants. We have studied gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem), widespread among Siberian crop fields, using laboratory (composting under optimal conditions) and field (fallow under natural conditions) techniques to get new agrochemical data on the quantitative and qualitative changes in soil nitrogen compounds and nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The decomposition kinetics of available nitrogen and its release from plant residues (melilot, rapeseed, winter rye, and straw) during the interaction with gray forest soil are determined. The CO₂ emission, nitrogen content in microbial biomass, cellulolytic bacterial activity, and accumulation of mineral nitrogen species have been monitored. The role of plant biomass in maintaining the nitrogen status in field agrocenoses is experimentally shown.

中文翻译：

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植物残渣堆肥和放牧期间新西伯利亚鄂毕河地区灰色森林土壤的氮矿化能力

摘要

土壤的氮矿化能力表征了有机含氮化合物的分解速率，并反映了其积累活动性矿质氮的能力，这是植物吸收这种主要营养素的客观指标。我们使用实验室（在最佳条件下堆肥）和田间（自然条件下休耕）技术研究了在西伯利亚作物田中广泛分布的灰色森林土壤（Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem），以获取有关土壤氮化合物的定量和定性变化的新农用化学数据。和含氮肥料。测定了与灰色森林土壤相互作用过程中有效氮的分解动力学及其从植物残留物（甜菜，油菜籽，冬黑麦和稻草）中释放出来的氮。一氧化碳₂排放，微生物生物量中的氮含量，纤维素分解细菌的活性以及矿物质氮的积累都受到了监测。实验证明了植物生物量在维持田间农杆菌中氮素状态中的作用。