Abstract

Annual dynamics, composition, and pools of total organic matter and ash elements in litters of urban forests in Moscow were studied. The destructive litters are shown to prevail in all studied phytocenoses; the share of easily decomposing fraction is high (62–90%), which allows to estimate the cycle intensity as high and typical for similar natural stands. A term “litter implementation” was proposed for a set of abiotic and biotic processes of litter transformation. Three methods to estimate the litter organic matter involvement into cycling are described. The first method is based on using litters typology. The second method is derived of the juxtaposition of litter supply before and after the fall of leaves. The third method presumes the comparison of easily decomposed and hardly decomposed litter components along with the analysis of litter and detritus fractional composition. It is shown, that with the same type of organic matter decomposition processes, in conventionally standard stands of the botanical garden and park, the characteristics of their seasonal dynamics are determined to a greater extent by the type of edificatory tree than by the nature of anthropogenic impact. The maximum reserves of litter were found for the maple stands (800 g/m²) in botanical garden, and the minimum one for the birch stands (250 g/m²) in the park area, which corresponds to the pattern revealed for the total thickness of the litter. The litters of lime stands are characterized by the largest fraction of leaves and easily decomposed components (about 60%).

中文翻译：

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森林凋落物的结构和功能组织，作为城市林分生物循环强度的指标（以莫斯科为例）

摘要

研究了莫斯科城市森林凋落物的年度动态，组成以及总有机质和灰分元素的库。在所有研究过的植物群落中，破坏性的凋落物占主导地位。易分解馏分的比例很高（62-90％），这使得估算的循环强度既高，又是类似自然林分的典型值。对于垃圾转化的一系列非生物和生物过程，提出了“垃圾实施”一词。描述了三种估算凋落物有机物参与循环的方法。第一种方法是基于使用垫料类型的。第二种方法是从落叶之前和之后并置的凋落物供应中得出的。第三种方法假定比较易分解和难分解的垫料成分，并分析垫料和碎屑分数组成。结果表明，在相同类型的有机物分解过程中，在常规的植物园和公园标准看台上，其季节动态特征在很大程度上取决于植物的类型而不是人为的性质。影响。发现了枫树支架的最大凋落物储量（800克/平方米）它们的季节动态特征在很大程度上取决于教育树的类型，而不是取决于人为影响的性质。发现了枫树支架的最大凋落物储量（800克/平方米）它们的季节动态特征在很大程度上取决于教育树的类型，而不是取决于人为影响的性质。发现了枫树支架的最大凋落物储量（800克/平方米）²）在植物园中，并且在公园区域内桦树架（250 g / m ²）的最小值（对应于凋落物总厚度显示的图案）。石灰林的凋落物的特征在于最大部分的叶子和易分解的成分（约60％）。