This article investigates the emergence of female education and its social impacts in a remote and male-dominated mountain community through a case study of Nagar District in northern Pakistan. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 24 women from different educational backgrounds and 15 selected male informants, the study reveals a notable increase in educational opportunities for girls and young women within a relatively short time span, and shows how these changes have affected local perceptions of women's social roles. While there are mixed opinions about the usefulness of education for girls—some find that educated women are better housewives and mothers, while others highlight career opportunities for women—female education has clearly contributed to an increase in self-determination of women. Young women now marry later and have fewer children, parents give their daughters more freedom, and education has contributed to an increase in female mobility and to a more confident and visible role of women in community life. While other aspects of social change also play critical roles, this study shows that female education is one important element in the development of a more equitable society in mountains and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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女性教育与社会变革：巴基斯坦北部山区妇女对社会角色的看法的转变

本文通过巴基斯坦北部纳加尔地区的案例研究，调查了偏远和以男性为主的山区社区中女性教育的兴起及其社会影响。通过对来自不同教育背景的24名女性和15名选定的男性线人进行定性访谈，该研究表明，在相对较短的时间内，女孩和年轻女性的教育机会显着增加，并表明这些变化如何影响了当地对女性社会观念的认识。角色。尽管对女童教育的实用性存在不同意见，有些人认为受过教育的妇女是更好的家庭主妇和母亲，而另一些人则强调了妇女的职业机会，但是，女性教育显然有助于提高妇女的自决权。现在，年轻妇女结婚较晚，生育的子女减少了，父母给了女儿更多的自由，而教育促进了女性流动性的提高，并使妇女在社区生活中的作用更加自信和明显。尽管社会变革的其他方面也起着关键作用，但这项研究表明，在山区和其他地方，女性教育是发展更加公平的社会的重要因素之一。