Since neurons have long neurites including axons, it is crucial for the axons to transport many intracellular substances such as proteins and mitochondria in order to maintain their morphology and function. In addition, mRNAs have also been shown to be transported within axons. RNA-binding proteins form complexes with mRNAs, and regulate transport of the mRNAs to axons, as well as locally translate them into proteins. Local translation of mRNAs actively occurs during the development and damage of neurons, and plays an important role in axon elongation, regeneration, and synapse formation. In recent years, it has been reported that impaired axonal transport and local translation of mRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mRNA axonal transport and their local translation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) / frontotemporal dementia (FTD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and fragile X syndrome (FXS).

中文翻译：

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神经退行性疾病中轴突运输和mRNA的局部翻译

由于神经元具有长轴突，包括轴突，因此轴突运输许多细胞内物质（例如蛋白质和线粒体）以维持其形态和功能至关重要。另外，mRNA也已显示在轴突内运输。RNA结合蛋白与mRNA形成复合物，并调节mRNA向轴突的转运，以及将其局部翻译成蛋白质。mRNA的本地翻译活跃地发生​​在神经元的发展和损害，并在轴突伸长，再生和突触形成中发挥重要作用。近年来，已经报道轴突运输受损和mRNA的局部翻译可能与某些神经退行性疾病的发病机理有关。在这篇评论中，