While soil erosion and runoff physical processes and socio-environmental impacts are widely addressed in the literature, few studies have focused on the economical dimension. However, it is essential to consider this dimension to conduct appropriate land use management policies. Erosion and runoff are known to result into on-site and off-site impacts. A fully exhaustive analysis of erosion and runoff economic costs may be difficult and ambitious due to the low availability of the data and considering that some issues are still unevaluated in the literature (cost of public policies to prevent erosion and runoff impacts, prohibition of drinking water due to turbidity, etc.). In this study, we chose to analyze the main off-site economic costs induced by these processes in two specific areas located in the northwestern European loess belt (Normandy, France). We quantified avoidance and social damages over the last 25 years through a global and retrospective analysis of financial databases provided by regional or local authorities (water agencies, departmental councils, reinsurance, drinking water companies, transport infrastructures managers) and literature review (scientific articles and technical reports). Our analysis suggested that from 1995 to 2017, the total damages cost ranged from 611 to 721 M€. Off-site avoidance damage costs accounted for almost 2/3 of the total expenditure. In the Seine-Maritime area, the mean cost was evaluated to 4 319 € yr⁻¹ km⁻² and to 868 € yr⁻¹ km⁻² in the Eure area. Even if we tried to be as exhaustive as possible some off-site economic costs remained unknown. It appeared that more research is necessary for the scientific community to get a full picture of off-site economic costs induced by erosion and runoff.

尽管文献中广泛讨论了土壤侵蚀和径流的物理过程以及社会环境影响，但很少有研究关注经济方面。但是，必须考虑这一方面以执行适当的土地使用管理政策。众所周知，侵蚀和径流会造成现场和非现场的影响。由于数据的可用性较低，并且考虑到一些问题在文献中仍未评估（对防止侵蚀和径流影响的公共政策成本，禁止饮用水的成本），因此对侵蚀和径流的经济成本进行全面详尽的分析可能是困难且雄心勃勃的。由于浊度等原因）。在这项研究中，我们选择分析这些过程在位于欧洲西北黄土带的两个特定区域（诺曼底，法国）。我们通过对区域或地方当局（水务机构，部门理事会，再保险，饮用水公司，运输基础设施经理）提供的财务数据库进行全球回顾和回顾性分析，对过去25年的回避和社会损害进行了量化，并进行了文献综述（科学文章和技术报告）。我们的分析表明，从1995年到2017年，总损失成本在611到7.21亿欧元之间。场外回避破坏成本几乎占总支出的2/3。在塞纳-海事区，平均成本被评估为4 319€年 饮用水公司，运输基础设施经理）和文献回顾（科学文章和技术报告）。我们的分析表明，从1995年到2017年，总损失成本在611到7.21亿欧元之间。场外回避破坏成本几乎占总支出的2/3。在滨海塞纳河地区，平均成本被评估为4 319€年 饮用水公司，运输基础设施经理）和文献回顾（科学文章和技术报告）。我们的分析表明，从1995年到2017年，总损失成本在611到7.21亿欧元之间。场外回避破坏成本几乎占总支出的2/3。在塞纳-海事区，平均成本被评估为4 319€年^-1 km ^-2，在Eure地区为868€yr ^-1 km ^-2。即使我们尝试尽可能详尽无遗，但一些场外经济成本仍然未知。似乎有必要进行更多的研究，以使科学界全面了解由侵蚀和径流引起的场外经济成本。