The current literature links flood exposure and the consequent damage in the sub-Saharan Africa to urban expansion. The main implication of this pertains to the fact that cities are the target of flood risk reduction. However, our knowledge of the built-up area expansion–flood damage nexus is still too scarce to support any risk reduction policy at the local scale. The objective of this study is to reconsider the link between urban expansion and flood damage widening the observation to rural settlements with open access information alternative to global datasets on flood damages and moderate resolution satellite images. Using very high-resolution satellite images accessible via Google Earth Pro, the expansion of 122 flooded settlements in the Dosso region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that reported by the global datasets. However, hamlets and villages expand even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural settlements is three times higher than that in urban settlements. Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a rural urgency.

当前的文献将洪水泛滥及其对撒哈拉以南非洲地区的破坏与城市扩张联系起来。其主要含义涉及以下事实：城市是减少洪水风险的目标。但是，我们对建筑面积扩展（洪水损害联系）的了解仍然太少，以至于无法支持任何地方规模的风险降低政策。这项研究的目的是重新考虑城市扩张和洪水灾害之间的联系，扩大对农村住区的观测，用开放获取的信息替代洪水灾害和中等分辨率卫星图像的全球数据集。使用可通过Google Earth Pro访问的高分辨率卫星图像，评估了过去20年中Dosso地区（尼日尔）的122个洪灾定居点的扩展。然后将空间动态与洪水引起的房屋倒塌率进行比较。最后，对房屋倒塌和翻新进行了比较。我们发现城市扩张的速度更快，并且趋势与全球数据集所报告的趋势相反。但是，与乡村城镇相比，小村庄和乡村的扩张速度甚至更快，房屋倒塌的次数也更多。房屋合并要比定居点扩张更快，但这不足以减少洪水淹没所造成的破坏。农村住区中的贫困人口占总人口的比例是城市住区的三倍。因此，环境正义不仅是城市问题，而且是农村的紧迫性。我们发现城市扩张的速度更快，并且趋势与全球数据集所报告的趋势相反。但是，与乡村城镇相比，小村庄和乡村的扩张速度甚至更快，房屋倒塌的次数也更多。房屋合并要比定居点扩张更快，但这不足以减少洪水淹没所造成的破坏。农村住区中的贫困人口占总人口的比例是城市住区的三倍。因此，环境正义不仅是城市问题，而且是农村的紧迫性。我们发现城市扩张的速度更快，并且趋势与全球数据集所报告的趋势相反。但是，与乡村城镇相比，小村庄和乡村的扩张速度甚至更快，房屋倒塌的次数也更多。房屋合并要比定居点扩张更快，但这不足以减少洪水淹没所造成的破坏。农村住区中的贫困人口占总人口的比例是城市住区的三倍。因此，环境正义不仅是城市问题，而且是农村的紧迫性。房屋合并要比定居点扩张更快，但这不足以减少洪水淹没所造成的破坏。农村住区中的贫困人口占总人口的比例是城市住区的三倍。因此，环境正义不仅是城市问题，而且是农村的紧迫性。房屋合并要比定居点扩张更快，但这不足以减少洪水淹没所造成的破坏。农村地区的贫困人口占总人口的比例是城市地区的三倍。因此，环境正义不仅是城市问题，而且是农村的紧迫性。