ABSTRACT

The study of nationalism is usually split into its macro-sociological dimension and the political and coercive aspects on the one hand, and into micro-sociological, psychological and symbolic aspects on the other. Pierre Bourdieu’s methodological structuralist approach and his concepts of habitus and doxa give us a better understanding of nationalism in its dominant form – State Nationalism. These concepts shed light on: (a) the framework and micro-dimension of The State’s monopolization of symbols; (b) the battle lines between ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’; (c) hierarchicalisation; (d) the invisible way in which nationalism as the dominant ideology creates coherent cognitive systems that dovetail with the institutional structure. Thus one of State Nationalism’s greatest victories is to pass itself off as Universalist and disinterested. In so doing, it fosters symbolic violence and adherence to this doxa.

摘要

民族主义的研究通常一方面分为宏观社会学维度和政治和强制方面，另一方面分为微观社会学、心理和象征方面。皮埃尔·布迪厄的方法论结构主义方法和他的惯习和信念的概念让我们更好地理解民族主义的主要形式——国家民族主义。这些概念阐明了： (a) 国家对符号的垄断的框架和微观维度；(b) “中心”和“外围”之间的战线；(c) 等级化；(d) 作为主导意识形态的民族主义创造与制度结构相吻合的连贯认知系统的无形方式。因此，国家民族主义最大的胜利之一就是将自己伪装成普世主义者和无私主义者。通过这样做，它促进了象征性的暴力和对这一信念的坚持。