In this study, a municipal lagoon with high wintertime effluent total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations was upgraded with a pilot-scale nitrifying-nitrifying-denitrifying (NIT-NIT-DENIT) moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treatment train to characterize its effluent over wintertime operation, investigate the feasibility of upgrading lagoons to achieve substantial biological total nitrogen removal across ultra-low temperatures (0.6–3.0) and to investigate nitrification inhibition pathways in facultative lagoon systems at ultra-low temperatures. Throughout the study, it was observed that the system substantially reduced total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) effluent concentrations by an average of 69.8 ± 24.5% and 74.7 ± 20.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that sulfide toxicity may play an important role in the inhibition of nitrifying organisms in lagoons. Finally, the MBBR treatment technology has emerged as a suitable and sustainable upgrade technology for existing lagoon and waste stabilization pond facilities operating in temperate, northern and cold climate countries.

中文翻译：

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温带和寒冷气候下的市政泻湖升级：超低温下的总氮去除和磷同化

在这项研究中，使用中试规模的硝化-硝化-反硝化 (NIT-NIT-DENIT) 移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 处理系列对冬季出水总氨氮 (TAN) 浓度较高的市政泻湖进行升级，以表征其出水在冬季运行期间，研究升级泻湖以在超低温（0.6-3.0）下实现大量生物总氮去除的可行性，并研究在超低温下兼性泻湖系统中的硝化抑制途径。在整个研究过程中，观察到该系统显着降低了总氮 (TN) 和总磷 (TP) 流出物浓度，平均分别降低了 69.8 ± 24.5% 和 74.7 ± 20.1%。此外，据观察，硫化物毒性可能在抑制泻湖中的硝化生物方面发挥重要作用。最后，MBBR 处理技术已成为适用于温带、北部和寒冷气候国家现有泻湖和废物稳定池设施的可持续升级技术。