A comparison of the presence of additives in airport deicers commonly used in the United States and in airport runoff was conducted with data collected before and after changes in deicer formulations. Three isomers of benzotriazoles (BTs)—4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4-MeBT), 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5-MeBT), and 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BT)—are corrosion inhibitors added to some formulations of airport deicers and are reported to be a source of aquatic toxicity in streams receiving airport runoff. Concentrations of BT in aircraft deicers and anti-icing fluids (ADAF) were reduced over time but were not reduced in potassium acetate airfield-pavement deicer material (PDM) that was used throughout the study period. Streams receiving runoff from Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, were monitored from 2004 to 2019 for BTs, with concentrations of 4-MeBT varying from <0.35 to 4600 µg/L, 5-MeBT varying from <0.25 to 6600 µg/L, and 1H-BT varying from <0.25 to 150 µg/L. Median 4-MeBT concentrations at sites downstream from the airport decreased by approximately 74%, 5-MeBT by 69%, and 1H-BT by 82% following reduction in BTs in ADAF formulations, resulting in a reduction in the potential for aquatic toxicity in receiving streams. A change in residuals from regression analysis between freezing point depressants and BTs indicate that the reduction in BT concentrations in airport runoff was a result of BT reduction in ADAF formulations, but PDM may still be a substantial source of BTs in airport runoff. Because BTs are a source of aquatic toxicity in airport deicers, the reductions in BTs in the common deicers observed in this study can be used to demonstrate the potential for a reduction in the effects to aquatic organisms in airport runoff, resulting in greater likelihood of meeting aquatic toxicity requirements in airport stormwater permits, and potentially driving airports, airlines, and permit holders to advocate further reduction or elimination of BTs and other harmful contaminants in airport deicers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:245–257. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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随着机场除冰剂配方的变化，机场径流中的苯并三唑浓度降低

将美国常用的机场除冰剂和机场径流中添加剂的存在与除冰剂配方变化前后收集的数据进行了比较。苯并三唑 (BT) 的三种异构体——4-甲基-1H-苯并三唑 (4-MeBT)、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑 (5-MeBT) 和 1H-苯并三唑 (1H-BT)——是添加到某些产品中的缓蚀剂。机场除冰剂的配方，据报道是接收机场径流的溪流中水生毒性的来源。飞机除冰剂和防冰液 (ADAF) 中的 BT 浓度随着时间的推移而降低，但在整个研究期间使用的醋酸钾机场路面除冰剂材料 (PDM) 中并未降低。从美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市密尔沃基米切尔国际机场接收径流的溪流在 2004 年至 2019 年期间进行了 BT 监测，4-MeBT 的浓度范围为 <0.35 至 4600 µg/L，5-MeBT 的浓度范围为 <0.25 至 6600 µg/L，1H-BT 的浓度范围为 <0.25 至 150 µg/L。在 ADAF 配方中的 BT 减少后，机场下游站点的 4-MeBT 浓度中值降低了约 74%，5-MeBT 降低了 69%，1H-BT 降低了 82%，从而降低了水生毒性的可能性接收流。冰点抑制剂和 BT 之间回归分析的残差变化表明，机场径流中 BT 浓度的降低是 ADAF 配方中 BT 减少的结果，但 PDM 可能仍然是机场径流中 BT 的重要来源。因为 BT 是机场除冰器中水生毒性的来源，2022 年整合环境评估管理；18:245–257。2021 年发布。本文是美国政府的作品，在美国属于公共领域。由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 出版的综合环境评估和管理