This paper provides new evidence on the relationship between innovation, export performance and trade elasticities across different sectors. It explores a unique database, which comprises a diverse selection of 15 countries over the period 1976-2012. The empirical investigation also employs different regression techniques, namely a system GMM estimator and a panel error correction model. All estimations coincide in confirming the well-known result that technological competitiveness is a relevant determinant of exports, more so than price competitiveness. Moreover, they reveal the following new findings: (i) excluding technological competitiveness inflates income elasticities due to omitted variable bias; (ii) income elasticities remain significant even when introducing technological competitiveness; (iii) Krugman's hypothesis that income elasticities are proportional to each country's share in the world's product variety is rejected; (iv) technological competitiveness and foreign income exert larger effects on high-tech than on low-tech exports; (v) price competitiveness is more relevant for low-tech exports.

本文为不同部门的创新、出口绩效和贸易弹性之间的关系提供了新的证据。它探索了一个独特的数据库，其中包括 1976-2012 年期间 15 个国家的不同选择。实证研究还采用了不同的回归技术，即系统 GMM 估计器和面板误差校正模型。所有的估计都证实了一个众所周知的结果，即技术竞争力是出口的相关决定因素，比价格竞争力更重要。此外，他们揭示了以下新发现：(i) 由于遗漏变量偏差，排除技术竞争力会增加收入弹性；(ii) 即使引入技术竞争力，收入弹性仍然很大；(iii) 克鲁格曼 拒绝收入弹性与每个国家在世界产品种类中所占份额成正比的假设；(iv) 技术竞争力和外国收入对高科技出口的影响大于对低技术出口的影响；(v) 价格竞争力与低技术出口更相关。