Incorporating industrial symbiosis benefits into biorefinery opportunities can reduce new investment costs and possibly improve the green credentials of processes. The existing wood-processing cluster at Kawerau, New Zealand, with easy access to wood-processing residues, excess on-site geothermal energy, and on-site use of products, could provide significant symbiotic benefits for the development of biorefinery opportunities. To quantify the potential benefits of this site symbiosis, we undertook a detailed techno-economic and risk analysis for co-production of bark briquettes and tannin adhesive from wood bark in greenfield and in Kawerau scenarios. Kawerau site benefits were quantified and their impacts on opportunity viability were assessed. Symbiotic use of the tannin adhesive produced on site and the use of the geothermal heat available in Kawerau reduced the utility cost by 45% and total capital investment by 56% compared with a greenfield operation. This improved the overall economics significantly, with the internal rate of return increasing from 6 to 22%. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the water : bark ratio and tannin yield have profound effects on process economics. Process improvements show a greater effect on improving the overall economics than price volatilities of input materials. The study findings confirm the significant economic benefits of incorporating industrial symbiosis at existing wood-processing sites, and help to identify research needs for tannin process improvements. © 2021 Argonne National Laboratory. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

中文翻译：

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从树皮废料中联合生产单宁和煤球的技术经济分析：量化生物精炼共生效益的案例研究

将工业共生优势融入生物精炼机会可以降低新的投资成本，并可能提高工艺的绿色认证。新西兰 Kawerau 现有的木材加工集群可以轻松获取木材加工残留物、过剩的现场地热能和现场使用产品，可以为生物精炼机会的发展提供显着的共生效益。为了量化该场地共生的潜在好处，我们对绿地和 Kawerau 情景中的树皮压块和单宁粘合剂的联合生产进行了详细的技术经济和风险分析。对 Kawerau 场地效益进行了量化，并评估了它们对机会可行性的影响。与绿地作业相比，现场生产的单宁粘合剂的共生使用和 Kawerau 可用地热的使用降低了 45% 的公用事业成本和 56% 的总资本投资。这显着改善了整体经济效益，内部收益率从 6% 增加到 22%。Monte Carlo 模拟表明水：树皮比率和单宁产量对工艺经济性有深远的影响。与输入材料的价格波动相比，工艺改进对提高整体经济性的影响更大。研究结果证实了在现有木材加工场地结合工业共生的显着经济效益，并有助于确定单宁工艺改进的研究需求。© 2021 阿贡国家实验室。生物燃料，