Vehicles have become an integral part of the modern era, but unfortunately conventional vehicles consume non-renewable energy resources which have associated issue of air pollution. In addition to that, global warming and the shortage of fossil fuels have provided motivation to look for alternative to conventional vehicles. In the recent era, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is becoming popular due to their attractive features of energy saving and less air pollution. This paper aimed at designing a hybrid electric vehicle control scheme with an effective energy management system under varying load conditions. The proposed hybrid energy storage system of the HEV in this work consists of two energy sources: (1) main source: fuel cell and (2) auxiliary source: ultra-capacitor and battery. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic-based nonlinear controller has been developed to effectively control the management of energy sources according to load demand. The proposed HEV model has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink environment and the simulation results verify that the proposed fuzzy logic-based controller provides better voltage regulation and efficient energy management for the complete drive range of the HEV. Moreover, a comparative study of the proposed controller with existing control methods affirms its better reference tracking with minimum overshoot, faster convergence, better stability, and enhanced regulation of DC bus bar voltages under varying load conditions.

车辆已经成为现代的组成部分，但是不幸的是，常规车辆消耗了不可再生的能源，这与空气污染相关。除此之外，全球变暖和化石燃料的短缺为寻找替代传统车辆的动力提供了动力。在最近的时代，混合动力电动汽车（HEV）由于其具有节能和减少空气污染的诱人特性而变得流行。本文旨在设计一种在变化的负载条件下具有有效能量管理系统的混合动力电动汽车控制方案。在这项工作中，拟议的混合动力汽车混合储能系统包括两个能源：（1）主能源：燃料电池和（2）辅助能源：超级电容器和电池。此外，已经开发出一种基于模糊逻辑的非线性控制器，以根据负载需求有效地控制能源的管理。所提出的混合动力汽车模型是在MATLAB / Simulink环境下开发的，仿真结果验证了所提出的基于模糊逻辑的控制器为混合动力汽车的整个驱动范围提供了更好的电压调节和有效的能量管理。此外，对所提出的控制器与现有控制方法的比较研究证实，它具有更好的参考跟踪能力，具有最小的过冲，更快的收敛性，更好的稳定性以及在变化的负载条件下增强的直流母线电压调节能力。所提出的混合动力汽车模型是在MATLAB / Simulink环境下开发的，仿真结果验证了所提出的基于模糊逻辑的控制器为混合动力汽车的整个驱动范围提供了更好的电压调节和有效的能量管理。此外，对所提出的控制器与现有控制方法的比较研究证实，它具有更好的参考跟踪能力，具有最小的过冲，更快的收敛性，更好的稳定性以及在变化的负载条件下增强的直流母线电压调节能力。所提出的混合动力汽车模型是在MATLAB / Simulink环境下开发的，仿真结果验证了所提出的基于模糊逻辑的控制器为混合动力汽车的整个驱动范围提供了更好的电压调节和有效的能量管理。此外，对所提出的控制器与现有控制方法的比较研究证实，它具有更好的参考跟踪能力，具有最小的过冲，更快的收敛性，更好的稳定性以及在变化的负载条件下增强的直流母线电压调节能力。