This study reduces the difficulties experienced by novice computer programmers when establishing a procedure for problem-solving in a computing environment. It also provides guidelines to detail the work process. For this purpose, we developed an “unfolding model of procedures” consisting of the recognition of input and output, decomposition of operation, and expansion of branching based on its condition in work. To identify the effect of applying the unfolding model of procedures on the programming learning curve, we conducted an experiment with 110 college freshers randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The unfolding model was applied to the experimental group; however, both groups received introductory programming classes for 5 weeks. The experimental group showed a trend of significant improvement in deriving the input and output processes and expanded their judgment on conditions. The evaluation of flowcharts for the same task conveyed that the experimental group was more competent than the control group, and further analysis by sex revealed no difference between the sexes in the achievement of learning within either group. The experimental group showed an advantage over the control group irrespective of sex. In conclusion, we expect that the unfolding model of procedures developed in this study could be used as a tool for novice programmers to derive work procedures completely and systematically when interpreting human work in a computing environment at the early stages of learning to program.

中文翻译：

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开发一个程序展开模型，供新手程序员学习程序设计

这项研究减少了新手计算机程序员在建立计算环境中解决问题的程序时遇到的困难。它还提供了详细说明工作流程的指南。为此，我们开发了一个“程序展开模型”，包括输入和输出的识别、操作的分解和基于工作情况的分支的扩展。为了确定应用程序展开模型对编程学习曲线的影响，我们进行了一项实验，将 110 名大学新生随机分配到实验组和对照组。展开模型应用于实验组；然而，两组都接受了为期 5 周的入门编程课程。实验组在推导输入和输出过程方面表现出显着改善的趋势，并扩大了对条件的判断。对同一任务的流程图评估表明，实验组比对照组更胜任，进一步按性别进行的分析显示，两组在学习成绩方面没有性别差异。无论性别如何，实验组都表现出优于对照组的优势。总之，我们希望本研究中开发的程序展开模型可以用作新手程序员在学习编程的早期阶段在计算环境中解释人类工作时完整和系统地推导出工作程序的工具。对同一任务的流程图评估表明，实验组比对照组更胜任，进一步按性别进行的分析显示，两组在学习成绩方面没有性别差异。无论性别如何，实验组都表现出优于对照组的优势。总之，我们希望本研究中开发的程序展开模型可以用作新手程序员在学习编程的早期阶段在计算环境中解释人类工作时完整和系统地推导出工作程序的工具。对同一任务的流程图评估表明，实验组比对照组更胜任，进一步按性别进行的分析显示，两组在学习成绩方面没有性别差异。无论性别如何，实验组都表现出优于对照组的优势。总之，我们希望本研究中开发的程序展开模型可以用作新手程序员在学习编程的早期阶段在计算环境中解释人类工作时完整和系统地推导出工作程序的工具。无论性别如何，实验组都表现出优于对照组的优势。总之，我们希望本研究中开发的程序展开模型可以用作新手程序员在学习编程的早期阶段在计算环境中解释人类工作时完整和系统地推导出工作程序的工具。无论性别如何，实验组都表现出优于对照组的优势。总之，我们希望本研究中开发的程序展开模型可以用作新手程序员在学习编程的早期阶段在计算环境中解释人类工作时完整和系统地推导出工作程序的工具。