Blockchain technology promises to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of humanitarian operations. Yet at the same time, especially the humanitarian context with its characteristic volatility poses unique challenges to any technology. Most prominent are the humanitarian principles that are fundamental to humanitarian operations. These ethical principles are set to protect the most vulnerable populations. Designing blockchain projects in the humanitarian context therefore requires a systematic framework that helps humanitarians make critical choices.

While some design instructions can be found for commercial applications, the humanitarian context requires different design principles and guidelines. To address the lack of a design framework for humanitarian blockchain projects, in this paper, we design and validate guidelines for humanitarian blockchain-projects. We use data from two humanitarian blockchain pilots in Jordan and Kenya to design our framework. Thereafter, we benchmark its applicability and relevance against another pilot in Vanuatu. Our framework highlights the need to consider infrastructure, end-users, ethics, stakeholders, and privacy in contexts, scalability and in/out mechanisms in technology, and knowledge/skills and intellectual property in organisation-related design requirements.

区块链技术有望提高人道主义行动的效率，透明度和问责制。但与此同时，特别是人道主义环境及其特征的波动性，对任何技术都构成了独特的挑战。最突出的是人道行动基本的人道原则。这些道德原则旨在保护最脆弱的人群。因此，在人道主义背景下设计区块链项目需要一个系统框架，以帮助人道主义者做出重要选择。

虽然可以为商业应用找到一些设计说明，但人道主义环境需要不同的设计原则和准则。为了解决人道主义区块链项目缺乏设计框架的问题，在本文中，我们设计并验证了人道主义区块链项目的指南。我们使用来自约旦和肯尼亚的两个人道主义区块链试点项目的数据来设计我们的框架。此后，我们将其适用性与在瓦努阿图的另一个试点的相关性作为基准。我们的框架强调需要在上下文，技术的可伸缩性和输入/输出机制以及组织相关设计要求中的知识/技能和知识产权等方面考虑基础架构，最终用户，道德，利益相关者和隐私。