One of the major abiotic stresses with great influence on plant growth and development and contributing to severe damage to the yield of Tibetan hulless barley is salinity. Elucidating the channels of retaliation to salinity is important in breeding salt-tolerant hulless barley varieties. Genome-wide examination of histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K4me3, H3K27me3) was conducted in salt-tolerant hulless barley Z0119 and salt-sensitive hulless barley Z0226. We found that the profile of genes with both histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 methylation showed specific and contrasting changes in Z0119 at 24 h and 72 h as compared to Z0226. In Z0119, genes affiliated to oxidative processes were significantly elevated, while in Z0226, enrichment of the genes entailed in the affair of protein complex assembly was observed. Considering the similar trends in malondialdehyde concentration and catalase activity in Z0119, co-localization of H3K4me3 with H3K27me3 might have activated defense against the oxidative stress and improve its salinity tolerance. Furthermore, salt-related genes were selected in rice, and the homology of these genes in hulless barley were both found to carries modifications, such as HVUL5H46981.2 and HVUL1H09481.2. Identical pattern change was observed in the execution levels and histone refinement extent of the two genes described above. This indicated that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 refinement coordinates to regulate gene execution and quickly respond to environmental stimuli. Taken together, these results help to unravel the duty of epigenetic refinement in plant reaction to salt-stress situations.

盐度是影响植物生长发育，严重损害藏族大麦产量的主要非生物胁迫之一。阐明报复盐度的渠道对于育种耐盐无茎大麦品种很重要。在耐盐的无ul大麦Z0119和盐敏感的无ul大麦Z0226中进行了组蛋白H3赖氨酸4和赖氨酸27三甲基化（H3K4me3，H3K27me3）的全基因组检查。我们发现，与Z0226相比，具有组蛋白H3赖氨酸4和赖氨酸27甲基化的基因谱在Z0119分别在24小时和72小时显示出特异性和对比变化。在Z0119中，与氧化过程相关的基因显着升高，而在Z0226中，观察到蛋白质复合物装配事务中涉及的基因富集。考虑到Z0119中丙二醛浓度和过氧化氢酶活性的相似趋势，H3K4me3与H3K27me3的共定位可能激活了对氧化应激的防御并提高了其耐盐性。此外，在水稻中选择了与盐有关的基因，发现在无粒大麦中这些基因的同源性都带有修饰，例如HVUL5H46981.2和HVUL1H09481.2。在上述两个基因的执行水平和组蛋白细化程度上观察到相同的模式变化。这表明H3K4me3和H3K27me3的精炼可调节基因执行并快速响应环境刺激。综上所述，这些结果有助于阐明表观遗传改良在植物对盐胁迫情况的反应中的作用。