Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), an economically important crop and a major spice in Indian cuisine, produces natural yellow color (curcumin) as well as curcuminoids which are widely utilized in traditional and modern medicinal practices. During the turmeric culture, the fluctuations of precipitation and seasonal changes in the whole life cycle play a major role, especially water shortage and decreasing temperature (in winter season), leading to rhizome dormancy under extreme weather conditions. The objective of this investigation was to understand how the water deficit and reduced temperature affect turmeric growth, physiological adaptation, quantity, and quality of turmeric rhizomes. Four-month-old turmeric plants were subjected to four treatments, namely normal temperature and well-watered (RT-WW), or water-deficit (RT-WD) conditions in the greenhouse, 25 °C controlled temperature and well-watered (CT-WW), or water-deficit (CT-WD) conditions in glasshouse. Leaf osmotic potential considerably declined in 30 days CT-WD treatment, leading to chlorophyll degradation by 26.04%, diminution of maximum quantum yield of PSII (F_v/F_m) by 23.50%, photon yield of PSII (Φ_PSII) by 29.01%, and reduction of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) by 89.39% over CT-WW (control). After 30 days water withholding, fresh- and dry-weights of rhizomes of turmeric plants grown under CT-WD declined by 30–50% when compared with RT-WW conditions. Subsequently, curcuminoid content was reduced by 40% over RT-WW plants (control), whereas transcriptional expression levels of curcuminoids-related genes (CURS1, CURS2, CURS3, and DCS) were upregulated in CT-WD conditions. In summary, the water withholding and controlled temperature (constant at 25 °C day/night) negatively affected turmeric plants as abiotic stresses tend to limit overall plant growth performances and curcuminoid yield.

姜黄 ( Curcuma longa )L.; Zingiberaceae) 是一种经济上重要的作物，也是印度菜中的主要香料，产生天然黄色（姜黄素）以及广泛用于传统和现代医学实践的姜黄素。在姜黄栽培过程中，降水的波动和整个生命周期的季节变化起主要作用，尤其是缺水和降温（冬季），导致根茎在极端天气条件下休眠。这项调查的目的是了解水分不足和温度降低如何影响姜黄的生长、生理适应、数量和姜黄根茎的质量。四个月大的姜黄植物在温室中进行四种处理，即常温和充分浇水（RT-WW）或缺水（RT-WD）条件，温室中控制温度 25 °C 和充分浇水 (CT-WW) 或缺水 (CT-WD) 条件。CT-WD 处理 30 天叶片渗透势显着下降，导致叶绿素降解 26.04%，PSII 的最大量子产率降低（F_v /F _m ) 23.50%，PSII 的光子产率 (Φ _PSII ) 比 CT-WW (对照) 降低 29.01%，净光合速率 (P _n ) 降低 89.39%。与 RT-WW 条件相比，在 CT-WD 条件下生长的姜黄植物根茎在停水 30 天后的鲜重和干重下降了 30-50%。随后，与 RT-WW 植物（对照）相比，类姜黄素含量降低了 40%，而类姜黄素相关基因（CURS1、CURS2、CURS3和DCS ）的转录表达水平) 在 CT-WD 条件下上调。总之，由于非生物胁迫往往会限制植物的整体生长性能和类姜黄素产量，因此停水和控制温度（昼夜恒定在 25°C）会对姜黄植物产生负面影响。