This study aimed to assess the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of 200 strains of Aspergillus isolated from clinical specimens (n = 146) and soil samples (n = 54) in Mexico. ITS, β-tubulin, and calmodulin DNA sequencing was performed for species identification. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing for amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, isavuconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin was done according to CLSI for all strains. A. fumigatus was most frequently recovered from clinical specimens, while A. niger was commonly encountered in soil, both followed by A. flavus in the second place. A total of 60 (30%) cryptic species were identified, with A. tubingensis and A. tamarii being the most commonly found. The decreased susceptibility to amphotericin B and azoles was 32% for both, and were mainly led by A. fumigatus, whereas this percentage decreased to 9% for caspofungin, particularly in A. terreus. More than 75% of cryptic species were susceptible in vitro to all antifungals. Multi-azole decreased susceptibility was detected only in seven isolates. Given that antifungal resistance in Aspergillus spp. is an increasing worldwide threat that causes major challenges in the clinical management of aspergillosis, these data highlight the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance of these pathogens for the implementation of locally adequate treatment strategies. Lay summary This is an epidemiological study in Mexico. A. fumigatus was most frequent in clinical specimens and A. niger in soil samples. A. tubingensis and A. tamarii were the most common cryptic species. Resistance to amphotericin B and azoles was 32% each, and 9% for caspofungin.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥临床标本和土壤样品中曲霉分离株的物种分布和抗真菌药敏模式

本研究旨在评估从墨西哥临床标本 (n = 146) 和土壤样​​品 (n = 54) 中分离出的 200 株曲霉菌的物种分布和抗真菌敏感性模式。进行 ITS、β-微管蛋白和钙调蛋白 DNA 测序以进行物种鉴定。两性霉素B、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑、伊曲康唑、艾沙康唑、阿尼芬净、卡泊芬净、米卡芬净的肉汤微量稀释药敏试验均按照CLSI对所有菌株进行。A. fumigatus 最常见于临床标本中，而 A. niger 常见于土壤中，其次是 A. flavus。共鉴定出 60 种 (30%) 神秘物种，其中最常见的是 A. tubingensis 和 A. tamarii。对两性霉素 B 和唑类药物的敏感性降低 32%，主要由烟曲霉主导，而卡泊芬净的这一百分比下降到 9%，特别是在土曲霉中。超过 75% 的神秘物种在体外对所有抗真菌剂都敏感。仅在 7 个分离株中检测到多唑类药物敏感性降低。鉴于曲霉属的抗真菌抗性。是一种日益严重的全球威胁，对曲霉菌病的临床管理造成重大挑战，这些数据强调了对这些病原体进行持续流行病学监测以实施当地适当的治疗策略的必要性。总结 这是墨西哥的一项流行病学研究。A. fumigatus 在临床标本中最常见，而 A. niger 在土壤样品中最常见。A. tubingensis 和 A. tamarii 是最常见的神秘物种。对两性霉素 B 和唑类药物的耐药性分别为 32%，