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Toxic and carcinogenic constituents of jewelry in the Indian retail market determined using x-ray fluorescence
X-Ray Spectrometry ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 , DOI: 10.1002/xrs.3242
Nishat Rathore 1 , Sujit K. Tandel 1
Affiliation  

The elemental composition of about 60 items of precious and non-precious jewelry in the Indian retail market has been explored through x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements using silicon drift and high-purity germanium detectors. The proportions of various elements have been established through the use of Gaussian fitting and background subtraction routines, along with corrections for photopeak detection efficiencies at different energies. Tabulated XRF yields were accounted for in the determination of proportions however matrix correction and absorption enhancement effects, if present, could not be included. The non-destructive characterization and quantification allowed by x-ray spectrometric methods indicate the presence of significant amounts of toxic bromine and antimony in fashion jewelry. A disturbing trend observed in many items of non-precious, metal imitation jewelry is that carcinogenic cadmium is the predominant constituent (around 80% w/w) which poses a significant health hazard for a large section of the population. The proportion of cadmium is found to be far greater than the minor fractions reported earlier. It has been determined that cadmium continues to be added to precious jewelry, albeit in smaller amounts, though its use is restricted by existing regulations. This pan-Indian study underscores the urgent necessity to inspect and regulate, particularly the metal imitation and fashion jewelry business, in order to mitigate the harmful effects of some of the constituent elements on human health and the environment.

中文翻译:

使用 X 射线荧光测定印度零售市场中珠宝的有毒和致癌成分

通过使用硅漂移和高纯度锗探测器的 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 测量,对印度零售市场中大约 60 件贵重和非贵重珠宝的元素组成进行了探索。通过使用高斯拟合和背景扣除程序,以及对不同能量下的光峰检测效率的校正,已经确定了各种元素的比例。在确定比例时考虑了列表中的 XRF 产量,但不能包括矩阵校正和吸收增强效应(如果存在)。X 射线光谱法允许的无损表征和量化表明,时尚首饰中存在大量有毒溴和锑。在许多非贵重金属仿制首饰中观察到的一个令人不安的趋势是致癌镉是主要成分(约 80% w/w),对大部分人口构成重大健康危害。发现镉的比例远大于早先报道的少量部分。尽管镉的使用受到现行法规的限制,但已经确定镉继续添加到贵重首饰中,尽管数量较少。这项泛印度研究强调迫切需要检查和规范,特别是金属仿制品和时尚珠宝​​业务,以减轻某些构成要素对人类健康和环境的有害影响。金属仿首饰是致癌的镉是主要成分(约 80% w/w),对大部分人口构成重大健康危害。发现镉的比例远大于早先报道的少量部分。尽管镉的使用受到现行法规的限制,但已经确定镉继续添加到贵重首饰中,尽管数量较少。这项泛印度研究强调迫切需要检查和规范,特别是金属仿制品和时尚珠宝​​业务,以减轻某些构成要素对人类健康和环境的有害影响。金属仿首饰是致癌的镉是主要成分(约 80% w/w),对大部分人口构成重大健康危害。发现镉的比例远大于早先报道的少量部分。尽管镉的使用受到现行法规的限制,但已经确定镉继续添加到贵重首饰中,尽管数量较少。这项泛印度研究强调迫切需要检查和规范,特别是金属仿制品和时尚珠宝​​业务,以减轻某些构成要素对人类健康和环境的有害影响。发现镉的比例远大于早先报道的少量部分。尽管镉的使用受到现行法规的限制,但已经确定镉继续添加到贵重首饰中,尽管数量较少。这项泛印度研究强调迫切需要检查和规范,特别是金属仿制品和时尚珠宝​​业务,以减轻某些构成要素对人类健康和环境的有害影响。发现镉的比例远大于早先报道的少量部分。尽管镉的使用受到现行法规的限制,但已经确定镉继续添加到贵重首饰中,尽管数量较少。这项泛印度研究强调迫切需要检查和规范,特别是金属仿制品和时尚珠宝​​业务,以减轻某些构成要素对人类健康和环境的有害影响。
更新日期:2021-05-21
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