Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that cause diverse impacts on soil ecosystems. As integral members of soil food webs, soil fauna exert key ecological functions such as litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and energy flow. MPs may damage soil fauna and their ecological functions, posing ecological and health risks. Meanwhile, soil fauna can act on MPs. Hereby, we aim to summarize the interactions between MPs and soil fauna. This article first introduces the source, occurrence and characteristics of MPs in soils, and then highlights the interactions between MPs and soil fauna, particularly earthworms and nematodes. MPs can cause negative impacts on the growth, reproduction, lifespan, and survival of soil fauna, via diverse toxicity mechanisms such as ingestion and bioaccumulation, histopathological damage, oxidative stress, DNA damage, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolic disorders, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. MPs can also interact with other contaminants to produce combined toxicity to soil fauna. In turn, soil fauna can contribute to the formation and breakdown of MPs, alter the migration of MPs in soil, and even transfer accumulated MPs to higher trophic levels. Finally, given the large knowledge gap regarding the interaction of soil fauna and MPs, several future research priorities are recommended.

摘要

微塑料 (MPs) 是新兴污染物，对土壤生态系统造成不同影响。作为土壤食物网的组成部分，土壤动物群发挥着重要的生态功能，如凋落物分解、养分循环和能量流动。MPs 可能会破坏土壤动物群及其生态功能，带来生态和健康风险。同时，土壤动物群可以作用于 MP。因此，我们旨在总结 MPs 与土壤动物群之间的相互作用。本文首先介绍了土壤中 MPs 的来源、发生和特征，然后重点介绍了 MPs 与土壤动物，特别是蚯蚓和线虫之间的相互作用。MPs 可通过多种毒性机制（如摄入和生物积累、组织病理学损伤、氧化应激、DNA 损伤、遗传毒性、生殖毒性、神经毒性、代谢紊乱和肠道菌群失调。MPs 还可以与其他污染物相互作用，对土壤动物产生综合毒性。反过来，土壤动物群可以促进 MPs 的形成和分解，改变 MPs 在土壤中的迁移，甚至将积累的 MPs 转移到更高的营养水平。最后，鉴于关于土壤动物群和 MPs 相互作用的巨大知识差距，推荐了几个未来的研究重点。甚至将累积的 MP 转移到更高的营养级别。最后，鉴于关于土壤动物群和 MPs 相互作用的巨大知识差距，推荐了几个未来的研究重点。甚至将累积的 MP 转移到更高的营养级别。最后，鉴于关于土壤动物群和 MPs 相互作用的巨大知识差距，推荐了几个未来的研究重点。